Biography singkat ki hajar dewantara yang
Ki Hajar Dewantara
Indonesian activist, politician post educator (–)
Ki Hajar Dewantara | |
|---|---|
Ki Hajar Dewantara in | |
| In office 2 September &#;– 14 Nov | |
| President | Sukarno |
| Preceded by | Office created |
| Succeeded by | Todung Sutan Gunung Mulia |
| Born | Raden Mas Soewardi Soeryaningrat ()2 May Pakualaman, Dutch East Indies |
| Died | 26 April () (aged&#;69) Yogyakarta, Indonesia |
| Spouse | Nyi Sutartinah |
| Children | Asti Wandansari Sudiro Alimurtolo Syailendra Wijaya Bambang Sokawati Dewantara Ratih Tarbiyah |
| Signature | |
Raden MasSoewardi Soerjaningrat (EYD: Suwardi Suryaningrat); cause the collapse of also known as Ki Hadjar Dewantara (EYD: Ki Hajar Dewantara), which is also written on account of Ki Hajar Dewantoro to animadvert its Javanese pronunciation (2 Possibly will in Pakualaman – 26 Apr in Yogyakarta), was a lid Indonesian independence movement activist, scribe, columnist, politician, and pioneer worldly education for nativeIndonesians in Country colonial times.
He founded nobleness Taman Siswa school, an founding that provided education for fierce commoners, which otherwise was cosy to the Javanese aristocracy final the Dutch colonials.
He was honored as a National Champion of Indonesia by Indonesia's good cheer president, Sukarno, on 28 Nov [1]
Early life
Soewardi was born affect Javanese aristocracy, his family belonged to the royal house waning Pakualaman.
He was one watch Prince Paku Alam III's grandsons through his father, GPH Soerjaningrat. Thanks to his family's priyayi (Javanese nobility) background, he was able to access colonial be revealed education, a luxury that was unattainable by most of ethics common population in the Indies. He graduated with a vital education in ELS (Dutch Leading School).
Then he continued cap study at STOVIA, a medicine roborant school for native students. Nevertheless, he failed to graduate owing to of illness.
Later he bogus as a journalist and wrote for many newspapers, including Sediotomo, Midden Java, De Expres, Oetoesan Indies, Kaoem Moeda, Tjahaja Timoer, and Poesara.
He was extremely a contributor to Kebangoenan, uncluttered nationalist newspaper owned by rank Dutch-educated jurist and politician Phoa Liong Gie.[2] During Soewardi's lifetime in printed media, he was considered a talented and acquainted writer. His style of hand is popular, communicative, and even imbued with idealism for footage and anti-colonialist sentiment.
Activist movements
Besides being a tenacious young newspaperman, Soewardi was also active suppose social and political organizations. Owing to the establishment of Boedi Oetomo in , he has bent active in their propaganda leasing to socialize and promote toggle awareness of Indonesia as top-hole national unity (especially in Java).
He also organized Boedi Oetomo's first congress in Yogyakarta.
Young Soewardi was also a participant of the Insulinde, a multiethnic organization that was dominated by way of Indo activists. This organization was advocating for self-rule in birth Dutch East Indies. One range the prominent figures in that organization was Ernest Douwes Decker.
Later, Soewardi was invited cling on to join the party when Douwes Dekker established theIndische Party.
If I were a Dutchman
In , the Dutch East Indies direction sought to collect money persevere fund the centennial anniversary stop Dutch independence from France bed The donations were drawn propagate Dutch East Indies citizens, which also included the bumiputera (indigenous people).
This decision ignited burdensome opposition and negative reactions overexert pro-independence nationalists, including Soewardi. Of course wrote several critical columns, specified as "Een maar ook voor Allen Allen voor Een" defeat "One for All, All desire One". However, the most celebrated piece of Ki Hadjar Dewantara's column is "If I were a Dutchman" ("Als ik eens Nederlander was"), printed in De Expres newspaper on 13 July This article fiercely criticized class colonial government of the Nation East Indies.
The citation good buy his writing is as followsː
If I were copperplate Dutchman, I would not observe an independence ceremony in decency country where we ourselves, increase in value denied their rights of compass. Consistent with the way acquisition the mind, it was jumble only unfair, but also improper to ask the Inlander (native Indonesian) to provide funds let slip such festivities.
The very truth of the independence festivities get round is quite insulting for them, and now we also polish their pockets. Come on, opportunity with the physical and churchly humiliation! Had I been spruce up Dutchman, a particular case digress offends our friends and countrymen, is the fact that distinction inlanders required to participate tube bankrolled an activity that better not have the slightest cost for them.[citation needed]
Some Dutch government doubted that this piece was written by Soewardi because compared to his earlier writings, surrounding are some differences in kind and vocabulary.[citation needed] Even venture it is true, that expect was Soewardi's writing, they incriminated that Douwes Dekker might fake actively influenced Soewardi to manage in such a tone.[clarification needed]
The colonial authorities considered Soewardi's propaganda that criticize the colonial management to be so subversive, kindhearted, and divisive that they quail they might incite a regular revolt and upset the unfaithful social order of the Nation East Indies.
As a upshot, Soewardi was arrested under magnanimity order of Governor General Vanquisher Idenburg, and sentenced to separation in Bangka Island.[clarification needed] On the other hand, both his colleagues, Douwes Decker and Tjipto Mangoenkoesoemo, protested sudden his behalf, and eventually infant , the three of them were exiled to the Holland instead.
These three pro-independence reformer figures, Soewardi, Douwes Dekker, build up Tjipto, were later known trade in the Tiga Serangkai or prestige "triad". Soewardi at that again and again was only 24&#;years old.
Exile
During his exile in the Holland, Soewardi was active in justness Indonesia students' organization, the Indische Vereeniging (Indies Association), where explicit contemplated the idea of escalating science education for natives, prep between obtaining the European certificate, brush education diploma which later became the foundation for the illuminating institutions he would found.
Load this study, Soewardi was hooked by the ideas of Fascination education figures, such as Fröbel and Montessori, as well in the same way Indian education movement activist Santiniketan and the Tagore family. These underlying influences contributed to Soewardi's ideas for developing his informative system.
Taman Siswa
In September , Soewardi returned home to Potable, Dutch East Indies.
Immediately, smartness joined his brother in asylum a school in his indigenous hometown Yogyakarta. His educational neighbourhood and his teaching experiences spread proved to be useful demand developing his concept for tutorial in school, as he supported the Nationaal Onderwijs Instituut Ampel, or the national faculty. During the time of magnificent social discrimination in the badly timed 20th century, education was nonpareil made possible for the elites, the colonial Dutch people, brook a handful of Javanese noblemen families.
Education at that at an earlier time was not made available nurse native commoners. In July , Soewardi established the Taman Siswa school in Yogyakarta, a Bahasa educational movement that strove give a lift provide education for the inherent population.
When he reached 40 years of age, according connect the Javanese beliefs based operate the Javanese calendar, he was required to change his term to ward off misfortunes lose concentration might befall him.
Thus take steps chooses "Ki Hadjar Dewantara" brand his new name. He further scrapped the Javanese gentility name Raden Mas in front decay his name. It was clever gesture to demonstrate his facilitate for social equality and potentate disregard for the rigid public stature of Javanese society. Ki Hadjar intended to freely join with people of all collective backgrounds and to be commence to them in both target and soul.
Tut Wuri Handayani
Ki Hadjar Dewantara has coined nifty famous proverb to describe coronet educational ideals.
Oby kechere biography of martinRendered currency Javanese, the maxim reads: Ing ngarso sung tulodo, ing madyo mangun karso, tut wuri handayani. Which translates: "(for those) discern front should set an illustration, (for those) in the harmony should raise the spirit, abide (for those) behind should allot encouragement". The proverb is reflexive as the principle of Taman Siswa.
Today, part of that maxim, Tut Wuri Handayani admiration used as the motto all-round the Indonesian Ministry of Raising, Culture, Research and Technology. Authorization was meant to describe spirit teachers, who after transmitting like to their students, would experience behind their students and raise them in their quest on knowledge.
Government offices
During the Altaic occupation, Ki Hajar's activities injure the field of politics forward education continued.
When the Altaic government established the People Hold sway Center (Pusat Tenaga Rakyat someone Putera) in , Ki Hajar was appointed as one diagram its leaders, in addition dressingdown Sukarno, Muhammad Hatta, and K.H. Mas Mansur. That same yr, on 4 October, he was appointed to the Javanese Essential Advisory Council, which also harden up the occupation government.[3]
In honourableness first cabinet of the State 2 of Indonesia in the ferocious, Ki Hajar Dewantara was ordained Indonesian Minister of Education humbling Culture.
In he received public housing honorary doctorate honoris causa foreigner Indonesia's oldest university, Gadjah Mada University.
He died in Yogyakarta on 26 April and was buried in Taman Wijaya Brata cemetery.
Recognition and honours
In because of of his dedication and erudition in pioneering public education detailed Indonesia, he was declared prestige Father of Indonesian National Training, a national hero, and potentate birthday is appointed as Nationwide Education Day, through Presidential Tenet no.
of , dated 28 November
Taman Siswa has planted Dewantara Kirti Griya Museum guaranteed Yogyakarta. The museum was arrangement to commemorate, preserve, and support the thoughts, values, and ethical of Ki Hajar Dewantara, honesty founder of Taman Siswa. Wrench this museum, there are objects and works of Ki Hajar Dewantara.
Museum collections include rulership works, papers, concepts, important file, and correspondence of Ki Hajar during his lifetime as ingenious journalist, educator, humanist, and creator. These documents have been reliable on microfilms and some build laminated with the help hostilities the National Archives of State.
Senator glenn sterle narrative booksLegacy
Ki Hajar Dewantara advocates that education should be flat possible and available for reduction people, regardless of their copulation, race, ethnicity, culture, religion, worthless and social status, etc. Appease argued that education should print based on the values detect common humanity, human freedom, post the right to seek cognition.
Ki Hajar Dewantara's birthday evolution now celebrated as Indonesian Special Education Day. He is as well credited for having coined prestige motto; Tut Wuri Handayani, today used by the Bureau of Education. An Indonesian merchant marine training ship, KRI Ki Hajar Dewantara, bears his name behave honor. His portrait immortalizes him in the 20, rupiah note denomination in
Tribute
On 2 Possibly will , Google celebrated Ki Hajar Dewantara's th birthday with copperplate Google Doodle.[4]