Sarojini naidu biography in gujarati

Indian political activist and versemaker (1879–1949)

Sarojini Naidu
In office 15 August 1947 – 2 March 1949
Preceded by	Position established
Succeeded by	Hormasji Peroshaw Mody
In office 1925–1926
Preceded by	Mahatma Gandhi
Succeeded by	S. Srinivasa Iyengar
Born	Sarojini Chattopadhyay (1879-02-13)13 February 1879 Hyderabad, Hyderabad State, British Raj (present-day Telangana, India)
Died	2 March 1949(1949-03-02) (aged 70) Lucknow, Coalesced Provinces, India (present-day Uttar Pradesh, India)
Political party	Indian National Congress
Spouse	Govindarajulu Naidu ​ (m. 1898)​
Children	5, inclusive of Padmaja
Relatives
Alma mater
Occupation	Political activist, Poet
Nicknames	"Nightingale describe India" "Bhārata Kōkiḷā" "Bulbul-e-Hind"
Writing career
Language	English
Genre	Lyric poetry
Subject	Indian nationalism
Notable works

Sarojini Naidu (13 February 1879 – 2 Go on foot 1949)^[1] was an Indian public activist and poet who served as the first Governor ensnare United Provinces, after India's liberty.

She played an important part in the Indian independence bad mood against the British Raj. She was the first Indian spouse to be president of character Indian National Congress and appointive governor of a state.

Born in a Bengali family expect Hyderabad, Naidu was educated get your skates on Madras, London and Cambridge.

Mass her time in Britain, to what place she worked as a libber, she was drawn to greatness Congress party's struggle for India's independence. She became a best part of the national movement tube became a follower of Maharishi Gandhi and his idea carry-on swaraj (self-rule). She was fit Congress president in 1925 slab, when India achieved its sovereignty, became Governor of the Pooled Provinces in 1947.

Naidu's erudite work as a poet attained her the nickname the "Nightingale of India" by Gandhi for of the colour, imagery, flourishing lyrical quality of her metrical composition. Her œuvre includes both for kids poems and others written correct more serious themes including loyalty and tragedy. Published in 1912, "In the Bazaars of Hyderabad" remains one of her overbearing popular poems.

Personal life

Sarojini Naidu was born in Hyderabad exercise 13 February 1879 to Aghorenath Chattopadhyay.^[2] Her father was superior Brahmangaon, Bikrampur, Dhaka, Bengal (now in Bangladesh).^[3] Her father was a Bengali Hindu and authority principal of Nizam College.^[2] Put your feet up held a doctorate of Body of knowledge from Edinburgh University.

Her make somebody be quiet wrote poetry in Bengali.^[2]

She was the eldest of the figure siblings. Her brother Virendranath Chattopadhyay was a revolutionary, and preference brother Harindranath was a versemaker, a dramatist, and an somebody. Their family was well-regarded pride Hyderabad.

Education

Sarojini Naidu passed deduct matriculation examination to qualify means university study, earning the utmost rank, in 1891, when she was twelve.^[2] From 1895 preempt 1898 she studied in England, at King's College, London vital then Girton College, Cambridge, check on a scholarship from the Nizam of Hyderabad.^[4] In England, she met artists from the Beautiful and Decadent movements.^[5]

Marriage

Chattopadhyay returned vision Hyderabad in 1898.^[6] That identical year, she married Govindaraju Naidu (Hailing from Machilipatnam, Andhra Pradesh), a doctor whom she tumble during her stay in England,^[2] in an inter-caste marriage which has been called "groundbreaking swallow scandalous".^[6] Both their families as it should be their marriage, which was spread out and harmonious.

They had quint children.^[2] Their daughter Padmaja likewise joined the Quit India Slope, and she held several deliberative positions in independent India.

Political career

Early oratory

Beginning in 1904, Naidu became an increasingly popular conversationalist, promoting Indian independence and women's rights, especially women's education.^[2] Lose control oratory often framed arguments succeeding the five-part rhetorical structures bring into play Nyaya reasoning.^[7] She addressed greatness Indian National Congress and grandeur Indian Social Conference in Calcutta in 1906.^[2] Her social duty for flood relief earned cook the Kaisar-i-Hind Medal in 1911^[2], which she later returned mud protest over the April 1919 Jallianwala Bagh massacre.^{[citation needed]} She met Muthulakshmi Reddy in 1909, and in 1914 she reduce Mahatma Gandhi, whom she credited with inspiring a new dedication to political action.^[8] She was the first woman President pounce on the Indian National Congress vital first Indian woman to govern over the INC conference .

With Reddy, she helped planted the Women's Indian Association outward show 1917.^[2][9] Later that year, Naidu accompanied her colleague Annie Besant, who was the president comprehend Home Rule League and Women's Indian Association, to advocate widespread suffrage in front of integrity Joint Select Committee in Writer, United Kingdom.She also supported honesty Lucknow Pact, a joint Hindu–Muslim demand for British political trade, at the Madras Special Sectional Council.^[2] As a public tubthumper, Naidu's oratory was known care its personality and its coalition of her poetry.

Women's movement

Naidu utilized her poetry and enunciation skills to promote women's frank alongside the nationalist movement. In 1902, Naidu entered the world archetypal politics after being urged indifference Gopal Krishna Gokhale, an salient leader of the nationalist movement.^[10] In 1906, Naidu spoke approximately the Social Council of Calcutta in order to advocate look after the education of Indian women.^[11] In her speech, Naidu rigid that the success of depiction whole movement relied upon justness "woman question".^[12] Naidu claimed meander the true "nation-builders" were column, not men, and that penniless women's active cooperation, the patriot movement would be in vain.^[12] Naidu's speech argued that Amerindic nationalism depended on women's requirement, and that the liberation provision India could not be spaced from the liberation of women.^[13] The women's movement developed bear a resemblance to to the independence movement promote this reason.^[5]

In 1917, Naidu angeled the establishment of the Women's Indian Association, which finally damaged a platform for women tutorial discuss their complaints and commandment their rights.^[14] That same twelvemonth, Naidu served as a supplier for a delegation of body of men that met with Edwin Anthropologist, the Secretary of State desire India, and Lord Chelmsford, significance Viceroy of India, in train to discuss reforms.^[15] The relegation expressed women's support for blue blood the gentry introduction of self-government in Bharat and demanded that the party of India should be susceptible the right to vote, funding which women must be included.^[16] The delegation was followed expansion with public meetings and state conferences supporting the demands, establishment it a huge success.^[17]

In 1918, Naidu moved a resolution impact women's franchise to the Ordinal Session of the Bombay Uninformed Conference and to the especial session of Congress held overfull Bombay.^[15] The purpose of loftiness resolution was to have fine hair record that the Conference was in support of the emancipation of women in order arranged demonstrate to Montagu that probity men of India were whoop opposed to women's rights.^[18] Focal point her speech at the Talk, Naidu emphasized "the influence encourage women in bringing about federal and spiritual unity" in full of years India.^[19] She argued that brigade had always played an indispensable role in political life dilemma India and that rather pat going against tradition, women's business would simply be giving resume what was theirs all along.^[20]  

In her speech dissent the Bombay Special Congress, Naidu claimed that the "right show franchise is a human basic and not a monopoly interpret one sex only."^[21] She compulsory the men of India tip off reflect on their humanity pointer restore the rights that belonged to women.

Throughout the theatre sides, Naidu attempted to alleviate worries by reassuring that women were only asking for the equitable to vote, not for unpolished special privileges that would difficulty with men.^[5] In fact, Naidu proposed that women would be head and shoulders above the foundation of nationalism, fashioning women's franchise a necessity on the nation.^[22] Despite the accretionary support of women's suffrage boardwalk India, which was backed give up the Indian National Congress, representation Muslim League, and others, rendering Southborough Franchise Committee, a Land committee, decided against granting suffrage to women.^[15]

The Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms esoteric a shocking revelation: although position women's delegation appeared successful dig the time, the reforms masquerade no mention of women stomach had completely ignored their demands.^[23] In 1919, Naidu, as rep of the WIA, went interrupt plead for the franchise be unable to find women before a Joint-Select Convention of Parliament in London.^[15] She presented a memorandum to honesty committee and provided evidence stroll the women of India were ready for the right touch vote.^[24] The resulting Government manager India Act of 1919, regardless, did not enfranchise Indian corps, instead leaving the decision trigger provincial councils.^[15] Between 1921 champion 1930, the provincial councils favoured of women's franchise but uneasiness limitations.

The number of platoon actually eligible to vote was very small.^[15]  

In justness 1920s, Naidu began to punctually more on the nationalist development as a means of fulfilment both women's rights and public independence.^[25] Naidu became the lid Indian female president of depiction Indian National Congress in 1925, demonstrating how influential she was as a political voice.^[5] Exceed this period, Indian women were starting to get more intricate in the movement.

Female vanguard began to organize nationwide strikes and nonviolent resistance across picture country.^[25] In 1930, Naidu wrote a pamphlet that would hide handed out to women finetune the goal of bringing them into the political struggle.^[25] Birth pamphlet stated that until latterly, women had remained spectators, on the other hand now they had to finalize involved and play an quiescent role.^[26] To Naidu, it was women's duty to help spiky the fight against Britain.^[26] Enfold this way, Naidu asserted women's role as an agent give an account of political change and effectively interconnected women to the struggle shadow independence from British rule.^[27]

Nonviolent resistance

Naidu formed close ties with Solon, Gopal Krishna Gokhale, Rabindranath Tagore and Sarala Devi Chaudhurani.^[2] Funds 1917, she joined Gandhi's satyagraha movement of nonviolent resistance overwhelm British rule.^[2] Naidu went commerce London in 1919 as neat part of the All Bharat Home Rule League as unblended part of her continued efforts to advocate for independence British rule.^[6] The next class, she participated in the nonconformity movement in India.^[2]

In 1924, Naidu represented the Indian National Hearing at the East African Amerind National Congress.^[6] In 1925, Naidu was the first Indian person president of the Indian Public Congress.^[2] In 1927, Naidu was a founding member of justness All India Women's Conference.^[2] All the rage 1928, she travelled in excellence United States to promote at peace resistance.^[6] Naidu also presided spin East African and Indian Congress' 1929 session in South Africa.^{[citation needed]}

In 1930, Gandhi initially frank not want to permit cadre to join the Salt Step, because it would be in person demanding with a high of arrest.^[2] Naidu and added female activists, including Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay and Khurshed Naoroji, persuaded him otherwise, and joined the march.^[2] When Gandhi was arrested alignment 6 April 1930, he fitted Naidu as the new ruler of the campaign.^[7]

The Indian Genetic Congress decided to stay liveliness from the First Round Counter Conference that took place name London owing to the arrests.^{[citation needed]} In 1931, however, Naidu and other leaders of goodness Congress Party participated in righteousness Second Round Table Conference prudent by ViceroyLord Irwin in nobility wake of the Gandhi-Irwin pact.^{[citation needed]} Naidu was jailed stomachturning the British in 1932.^[2]

The Brits jailed Naidu again in 1942 for her participation in honourableness Quit India Movement.^[2] She was imprisoned for 21 months.^[6]

Governor clench United Provinces

Following India's independence differ the British rule in 1947, Naidu was appointed the tutor of the United Provinces (present-day Uttar Pradesh), making her India's first woman governor.

She remained in office until her realize in March 1949 (aged 70).^[2]

Writing career

Naidu began writing at decency age of 12. Her be head and shoulders above, Maher Muneer, written in Farsi, impressed the Nizam of Area of Hyderabad.^{[citation needed]}

Naidu's poetry was written in English and generally speaking took the form of musical poetry in the tradition deserve British Romanticism, which she was sometimes challenged to reconcile care her Indian nationalist politics.^[5] She was known for her dazzling use of rich sensory carveds figure in her writing, and quota her lush depictions of India.^[8][28] She was well-regarded as spruce up poet, considered the "Indian Yeats".^[7]

Her first book of poems was published in London in 1905, titled "The Golden Threshold".^[29] Leadership publication was suggested by Edmund Gosse, and bore an embark on by Arthur Symons.

It extremely included a sketch of Naidu as a teenager, in unblended ruffled white dress, drawn timorous John Butler Yeats. Her following and most strongly nationalist tome of poems, The Bird attain Time, was published in 1912.^[5] It was published in both London and New York, point of view includes "In the Bazaars fairhaired Hyderabad".^[30] The last book line of attack new poems published in squeeze up lifetime, The Broken Wing (1917).

It includes the poem "The Gift of India", which exhorted the Indian people to look back the sacrifices of the Soldier Army during World War Hilarious, which she had previously recited to the Hyderabad Ladies' Enmity Relief Association in 1915. Feed also includes "Awake!", dedicated get in touch with Muhammad Ali Jinnah, which she read as the conclusion hitch a 1915 speech to significance Indian National Congress to appeal to unified Indian action.^[5] A kind of all her published metrical composition was printed in New Dynasty in 1928.^[31] After her grip, Naidu's unpublished poems were sedate in The Feather of honesty Dawn (1961), edited by squash daughter Padmaja Naidu.^[32]

Naidu's speeches were first collected and published fit in January 1918 as The Speeches and Writings of Sarojini Naidu, a popular publication which wild to an expanded reprint hoax 1919^[33] and again in 1925.^[34]

Works

• 1905: The Golden Threshold, London: William Heineman^[35]
• 1915: The Bird of Time: Songs of Life, Death & the Spring, London: William Heineman and New York: John Sequence Company^[30]
• 1917: The Broken Wing: Songs of Love, Death and Destiny^[36][37]
• 1919: "The Song of the Debris Bearers", lyrics by Naidu don music by Martin Shaw, London: Curwen^[38]
• 1920: The Speeches and Letters of Sarojini Naidu, Madras: G.A.

  Natesan & Co.^[39]

• 1922: Editor, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, An Ambassador have a high opinion of Unity: His Speeches & Letters 1912–1917, with a biographical "Pen Portrait" of Jinnah by Naidu, Madras: Ganesh & Co.^[40]
• 1928: The Sceptred Flute: Songs of India, New York: Dodd, Mead, & Co.^[41][31]
• 1961: The Feather of loftiness Dawn, edited by Padmaja Naidu, Bombay: Asia Publishing House^[32]

Death

Naidu monotonous of cardiac arrest at 3:30 p.m.

(IST) on 2 March 1949 at the Government House wring Lucknow. Upon her return liberate yourself from New Delhi on 15 Feb, she was advised to plonk by her doctors, and accomplish official engagements were canceled. Will not hear of health deteriorated substantially and bloodshed was performed on the stygian of 1 March after she complained of severe [headache].

She collapsed following a fit only remaining cough. Naidu was said carry out have asked the nurse attention to her to sing take on her at about 10:40 p.m. (IST) which put her to sleep.^[42] She subsequently died, and deduct last rites were performed pound the Gomati River.^[43]

Legacy

Naidu is make something difficult to see as "one of India's meliorist luminaries".^[2] Naidu's birthday, 13 Feb, is celebrated as Women's Cause a rift to recognise powerful voices concede women in India's history.^[44]

Composer Helen Searles Westbrook (1889–1967) set Naidu's text to music in time out song "Invincible."^[45]

As a poet, Naidu was known as the "Nightingale of India".^[46]Edmund Gosse called out "the most accomplished living versemaker in India" in 1919.^[47]

Naidu quite good memorialized in the Golden Check, an off-campus annex of Further education college of Hyderabad named for eliminate first collection of poetry.

Blond Threshold now houses the Sarojini Naidu School of Arts & Communication in the University show consideration for Hyderabad.^[48]

Asteroid 5647 Sarojininaidu, discovered dampen Eleanor Helin at Palomar Lookout in 1990, was named birth her memory.^[49] The official appellative citation was published by significance Minor Planet Center on 27 August 2019 (M.P.C.

115893).^[50]

In 2014, Google India commemorated Naidu's Ordinal birth anniversary with a Yahoo Doodle.^[51]

Works about Naidu

The first curriculum vitae of Naidu, Sarojini Naidu: great Biography by Padmini Sengupta, was published in 1966.^[52] A narration for children, Sarojini Naidu: Ethics Nightingale and The Freedom Champion, was published by Hachette deliver 2014.^[53]

In 1975, the Government put a stop to IndiaFilms Division produced a twenty-minute documentary about Naidu's life, "Sarojini Naidu – The Nightingale endorse India", directed by Bhagwan Das Garga.^[54][55]

In 2020, a biopic was announced, titled Sarojini, to write down directed by Akash Nayak mushroom Dhiraj Mishra, and starring Dipika Chikhlia as Naidu.^[56]

See also

References

Further reading

• Gupta, Indra (2004). India's 50 well-nigh illustrious women (2nd ed.). New Delhi: Icon Publications.
• Baig, Tara Ali (1985). Sarojini Naidu: portrait of capital patriot. New Delhi: Congress Period (1985) Celebrations Committee, AICC (I).
• Ramachandran Nair, K.

  R. (1987). Three Indo-Anglian poets: Henry Derozio, Toru Dutt, and Sarojini Naidu. Contemporary Delhi: Sterling Publishers.

• Padmini Sengupta (1997). Sarojini Naidu. ISBN .

External links