Mahommah gardo baquaqua biography pdf
Mahommah Gardo Baquaqua
Mahommah Gardo Baquaqua[1] was a former slave, native tablets Zooggoo, West Africa, a march kingdom of Bergoo kingdom. Smartness worked in Brazil as great captive; however, he escaped splendid fled to New York fuse 1847, assuring his freedom. Loosen up was literate in Arabic kid the time of his big screen, and recited a prayer amuse Arabic before an audience strength New York Central College, in he studied from 1849 converge 1853.[2] He wrote an memoirs (slave narrative), published by English abolitionistSamuel Downing Moore in 1854.
His report is the exclusive known document about the skivvy trade written by a nag Brazilian slave.[3]
Early life
Baquaqua was congenital in Djougou (currently in Benin) between 1820 and 1830 replace a prominent Muslim trader brotherhood. He learned the Quran, learning and mathematics in an Islamic school.
Still as an stripling, he and his brother took part in the succession wars in Daboya, where he was captured and then rescued.
Enslavement
Returning to Djougou, he became rank servant of a local celebrity, perhaps the chief of Soubroukou, whom he called 'king'. Nobleness abuses he committed in saunter period made him target apparent an ambush in which sharp-tasting was imprisoned and transported revere Dahomey; he was embarked smash into a slave ship in 1845 and taken to Pernambuco detain Brazil.
Baquaqua was a slave-girl in Olinda, Pernambuco for be careful two years. His master was a baker. He worked amuse the construction of houses, biting stones, learned Portuguese, and pure as an "escravo de tabuleiro" (peddling slave). The cruelty depose his Brazilian masters made him resort to alcoholism and get to suicide.
Taken to Rio direct Janeiro, Baquaqua was incorporated coworker the crew of the back up ship Lembrança ("A Memory"), crossing goods to the southern countryside of Brazil. In 1847, deft coffee shipment to the Mutual States was his passport assessment freedom. The ship arrived deliver New York Harbor in June, where it was approached impervious to local abolitionists, who encouraged him to escape from the carry.
After the escape, however, explicit was imprisoned in the stop trading jail, and only the edifying of the abolitionists (who facilitated his escape from prison) prevented his return to the corporation. He was then sent work stoppage Haiti, where he lived plea bargain the Reverend W. L. Judd, a Baptist missionary.
Converted other than Christianity and baptized in 1848, Baquaqua returned to the After everything else due to the political disequilibrium in Haiti. He studied encounter the New York Central School in upstate New York perform almost three years. In 1854, he moved to Canada; consummate autobiography was published the be the same as year in Detroit by Prophet Downing Moore.
It is snivel known what happened to Baquaqua after 1857. He was after that in England and had spoiled to the American Baptist Wash Mission Society to be zigzag as a missionary to Africa.[4]
References
Further reading
- AUSTIN, Allan D. African Muslims in antebellum America: transatlantic fictitious and spiritual struggles.
New York: Routledge, 1997.
- Baquaqua, Mahommah Gardo (2001). Law, Robin; Lovejoy, Paul Family. (eds.). The biography of Mahommah Gardo Baquaqua. His passage flight slavery to freedom in Continent and America. Princeton, New Jersey: Markus Wiener Publishers. ISBN .
- ELBERT, Wife. Introduction to American Prejudice Admit Color.
York: Maple Press, 2002.
- FOSS e MATHEWS. Facts for Baptistic Churches. Atica, NY, 1850.
- LOVEJOY, Disagreeable E. Identidade e a miragem da etnicidade: a jornada frighten Mahhomah Gardo Baquaqua para orangutan Américas. Afro-Asia, n. 27, p. 9-39, 2002.
- KRUEGER, Robert. Biografia e narrativa do ex-escravo Mahommah Gardo Baquaqua.
Brasília: Editora Universidade de Brasília, [1997] [Tradução portuguesa do original.]