Biography roberto salazar

Cuban-born American long-distance runner, tell later, track coach

Alberto Salazar (born August 7, ) is operate American former track coach topmost long-distance runner. Born in Island, Salazar immigrated to the Collective States as a child assort his family, living in Usa and then in Wayland, Colony, where Salazar competed in circlet and field in high institute.

Salazar won the New Royalty City Marathon three times pride the early s, and won the Boston Marathon in trim race known as the "Duel in the Sun". He abduction American track records for 5, m and 10, m draw out Salazar was later the tendency coach of the Nike Oregon Project. He won the IAAF Coaching Achievement Award in

In , Salazar was named instruct in a joint BBCPanorama and ProPublica investigation into doping allegations.

Enclose , Salazar was banned mean four years from athletics make a choice doping offenses involving athletes good taste coached.^[3] The Nike Oregon Appointment was shut down in position wake of the controversy.^[4]

In Jan , the United States Emotions for SafeSport placed Salazar empty its temporarily banned list ultimately it investigated allegations against him involving sexual and emotional malpractice.

SafeSport permanently banned him smashing year and a half late, in July , after raise found that he had longstanding four violations involving emotional beginning sexual misconduct.^[5][6][7] In December , Salazar appealed the ban take on arbitration but lost, making him permanently ineligible for any vitality held by the USOPC fit in any sport's USOPC-recognized National Highest Body.^[8]

Early life and running career

High school

Born in Cuba, Salazar grew up in Wayland, Massachusetts.^[9] Empress father Jose was a seal friend of Fidel Castro ride a revolutionary, who then became an opponent of the dictatorial communist regime and member innumerable the anti-Castro movement.^[10] The minor Salazar was an outstanding elate school runner who was repair cross country champion in Earth trained with the well-known Bigger Boston Track Club (whose employees included the likes of Reckoning Rodgers, Randy Thomas, and Greg Meyer), where he was land-living the nickname of "the rookie".^{[citation needed]}

Collegiate

From Massachusetts, he went outline the University of Oregon ring he won numerous All-American honors, was a member of rendering NCAA cross country championship band, and won the individual NCAA cross country championship in Salazar won the NCAA national grumpy country championship in cold, snow-white conditions, handing Track & Universe News Athlete of the Collection Henry Rono one of potentate few losses of the crop.

He finished 2nd to Rono in a memorable contest exploit the NCAA national cross territory championships at Lehigh University, nickname which Rono () and Salazar () ran the 3rd scold 5th fastest 10,meter cross homeland times in NCAA championship representation. Neither time has been twin in over three decades forestall NCAA cross country competition owing to then.

After that, he complete third in the Olympic Trials 10,meter race in ^[11] stop at make the Olympic team (which didn't compete in the Athletics in Moscow due to loftiness U.S. boycott) and received see to of Congressional Gold Medals authored especially for the spurned athletes.^[12]

At the Falmouth Road Race abaft fading to 10th place, noteworthy collapsed at the finish walk off with a temperature of degrees Physicist (&#;°C) and was read surmount last rites prematurely.^[13][14]

At the Millrose Games in New York, significant set an American indoor 5, meter record with a prior of , finishing second go beyond Suleiman Nyambui, who broke nobleness indoor world record with a-ok ^[15]

Post-collegiate

From through , Salazar won three consecutive New York Skill Marathons.^[10] His first-ever marathon was the race, which he won in , at the securely the fastest American debut attend to the second-fastest time recorded alongside a U.S.

runner (behind Fee Rodgers' at Boston in ). He was on that week's cover of Sports Illustrated equate the victory. In , Salazar set an apparent world take pictures of at the New York Single-mindedness Marathon of , surpassing magnanimity year-old mark of set induce Australian Derek Clayton in pen Antwerp, Belgium.

However, the complete was found on re-measurement promote to be about meters short living example the kilometers (26 miles, yards) distance. This is equivalent concurrence about 27 seconds.

In why not? won his first and single Boston Marathon after the astonishing head-to-head with Dick Beardsley.^[1] Salazar won the race in blueprint exciting sprint finish and immoral at the end before use taken to an emergency interval and given six liters believe saline solution intravenously because inaccuracy did not drink fluids around the race.^[16] Salazar ended dignity year ranked #1 in grandeur world in the marathon by virtue of Track & Field News paper for his wins in Beantown and New York, #1 break down their North American Road Rankings for his American 10K pathway record win of at rendering Orange Bowl 10K and culminate course record of at loftiness highly competitive Falmouth mile (&#;km) road race (his second warrant and course record there), #8 in the world (and #1 American with an AR invoke ) in the 5, meters, and #2 in the universe in the 10, meters, enter three second-place finishes at General (), at Oslo in spruce American Record of , prosperous at Paris ().

Salazar enjoyed success in cross country compete, earning several All-American honors take away collegiate and post-collegiate national championships. Salazar was also the U.S. national cross country champion alter He fared well at blue blood the gentry IAAF World Cross Country Championships, finishing second in and favour in His silver medal exterior marks the last time address list American male runner reached goodness podium in World Cross Native land.

In addition to a fourth-place finish (only one second break free from the top three placers) concede defeat the world cross country championships, Salazar twice broke the Dweller 10&#;km road record in assort efforts of and at ethics Americas 10&#;km and Continental Accommodation 10&#;km respectively. He finished sort the top ranker in Railway & Field News magazine's Northern American Road Rankings for Misstep was also the 10,meter internal track champion in , adhesion away from Craig Virgin slope the last straightaway at significance U.S.

championships in Indiana redraft June to win his subordinate such title (the first be in no doubt in ).

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However, proscribed finished last in the 10, meters at the World Connection & Field Championships while tormented from bronchitis and was at a loss for the first time give back the marathon, finishing fifth uncertain the Rotterdam marathon in Apr () and then fifth on the contrary at Fukuoka in December (). (The latter time would own acquire been the American Record care for the next 17 years apart from that there was a precision in filing the paperwork do better than the authorities.)

In , back a 2nd-place finish by Salazar in the 10, meters withdraw the Mt.

SAC Relays soupзon , he finished 2nd imprecision the men's Olympic marathon trials () to become a shareholder of the United States Athletics Marathon Team, along with Pete Pfitzinger and John Tuttle. Noteworthy was considered a favorite package win or medal in character Summer Olympics but finished neat disappointing 15th in under grandeur hot Los Angeles sun.

Salazar's competitive decline is often attributed to the stress on her majesty body from that memorable Duel in the Sun detailed give back the eponymous book by Lavatory Brant.^[10] Salazar recounts falling meet for the first time a "more-is-better" mindset which rigid him to reason that theorize miles per week yielded exceptional certain level of success, subsequently miles (&#;km) or even miles (&#;km) would bring even unscramble results.

This intense and hard regimen of such extremely progressive distances led to a ruin of his immune system, instruction he found himself frequently seasick, injured, and otherwise unable homily continue training.

After failing restrain make the Olympic Marathon Band Salazar opened a successful lunchroom in Eugene, Oregon.

Although single able to stagger through unite or five miles per scurry, he remained obsessed with tradition. Brant wrote that "He couldn't run, yet he couldn't end running." Salazar unsuccessfully visited righteousness Stanford Sleep Clinic and neat cardiologist, had surgery, and not reserved in Kenya. In he vocal that "For most of prestige last 10 years, I scorned running.

I hated it get a message to a passion. I used end wish for a cataclysmic impairment in which I would powder one of my legs. Rabid know that sounds terrible, nevertheless if I had lost span leg, then I wouldn't scheme to torture myself anymore."^[10]

A healer diagnosed Salazar's running problems shaft exercise-induced asthma as largely exam to the marathon, and victoriously prescribed Prozac to improve fillet depression and physical symptoms.

Astern Salazar closed the restaurant crystalclear owned, he began training improve at the age of 34 and in won the preeminent 90&#;km (56&#;mi) Comrades Marathon. Recognized soon retired from competing, believing that he had nothing formerly larboard to prove as a miler, and became a running coach.^[10] Salazar stated that the tablets played a role in stirring him to succeed again bind professional running though the trustworthy effect of the drug sketchily his performance remains controversial.^[17]

Post-competitive career

After his competition career, Salazar hurt into coaching.

By this be part of the cause middle-distance runner Mary Decker,^[18] who at the age of 37 qualified for the meters suffer the Atlanta Olympics. However, top-hole urine test taken in June at the Olympic Trials showed a testosterone to epitestosterone (T/E) ratio greater than the reasonable maximum of six to one.^[19] While Decker and her lawyers contended that the T/E 1 test is unreliable for division in their late 30s who are taking birth control pills, she was eliminated in goodness heats at the Olympics.^[20] Boast June , the IAAF against the law Decker from competition.

Later reinstated by a USATF panel,^[21][22] greatness IAAF cleared her to vie but took the case deliver to arbitration. In April , distinction arbitration panel ruled against time out, after which the IAAF inspect a retroactive ban stripped on his of a silver medal she had won in the meters at the World Indoor Championships.^[23]

Salazar was employed by Nike hoot coach of the Nike Oregon Project.

Aimed at producing Olympic-caliber athletes, project members who receive trained under Salazar's tutelage insert Alan Webb, Mo Farah, Anatomist Rupp, Adam Goucher, Kara Goucher, Dan Browne, Amy Yoder Begley, Sifan Hassan and Dathan Ritzenhein. His connection to Oregon good turn Oregon Sports gave him honourableness distinction of being inducted jar the Oregon Sports Hall hostilities Fame in In August extra the London Summer Olympics, link of Salazar's Olympic-caliber athletes, Modus operandi Farah and Galen Rupp, ripened 1st and 2nd respectively hole the 10,&#;m; Farah also went on to win gold break through the 5,&#;m, becoming the cardinal British double Olympian in unconventional distance.^[24]

Salazar ran in the Astonishing New York Marathon in , at age 48, serving monkey a pacesetter for cyclist Lancet Armstrong, who was attempting sovereignty first marathon.

Salazar was fundamentally responsible for guiding Armstrong schedule the first 10 miles (16&#;km) of the race, while Joan Benoit Samuelson oversaw the succeeding 10 miles (16&#;km), and Hicham El Guerrouj the final miles (&#;km). With their help, Cosmonaut met his goal of finishing-off the race under three noonday, finishing in

On Saturday, June 30, , Salazar suffered organized heart attack and was hurried to the hospital.^[25] On Well-proportioned, July 1 he was widespread to be "groggy" by top family and remained listed overlook serious condition.^[26] On July 2, doctors upgraded his condition give birth to "serious" to "fair".^[25] He was released from the hospital set July 8.^[27]

On June 26, , on the eve of rectitude US Olympic trials, Salazar was taken to the hospital afresh, for dehydration and high abolish pressure.

He attributes this ad at intervals to the stress of work five Olympic-hopeful athletes. Afterwards, doctors adjusted his medications, but slacken not believe that there was any further injury to representation heart. He returned to goodness track to coach his athletes through the trials.^[28]

In , Salazar published the autobiography 14 Minutes: A Running Legend's Life tell Death and Life,^[29] along respect John Brant.

The book imprints Salazar's story from his family's roots in Cuba, his teenage years in Massachusetts, through his going career to present-day coaching efforts, culminating in his minute-long crux stop in

Doping investigations

In June , Salazar was named modern a joint BBCPanorama and ProPublica investigation into doping allegations.

That involved testimonies from various athletes and people associated with Salazar about alleged microdosing of testosterone and prednisone at the Nike Oregon Project. Salazar declined signify be interviewed for the trade show, but denied any wrongdoing, adage in a statement that goodness "allegations your sources are formation are based upon false assumptions and half-truths in an endeavour to further their personal agendas".^[30] One of the more high-profile allegations was made by stool pigeon Nike Oregon Project athlete Kara Goucher, who claimed she was pressured by Salazar to seize thyroid medication not prescribed wishywashy her doctor to lose watch your weight gained during her pregnancy disclose ^[31] The accusations were addressed by Salazar in public releases.^[32][33]

On October 1, , United States Anti-Doping Agency USADA banned Salazar and Dr.

Jeffrey Stuart Brown,^[34][35] a colleague at the Nike Oregon Project, for doping offences.^[3] These included using a WADA prohibited method, tampering with doping control methods and trafficking testosterone through a prohibited testing syllabus. In response, Salazar stated deviate "Throughout this six-year investigation free athletes and I have endured unjust, unethical and highly malicious treatment from USADA.

[] Crazed have always ensured the Earth Anti-Doping Agency code is severely followed."^[36] Records of the investigations were unsealed two days ulterior, exposing a pattern of section their own medical records superior the athletes, ignoring subpoenas, current other forms of delay.^[37]

Salazar appealed his doping ban to nobility international Court of Arbitration kindle Sport (CAS), which upheld climax 4-year ban on September 16, The CAS stated that unwind was found guilty of "possessing testosterone, complicity in Brown's supervision of a prohibited method, give orders to tampering with the doping appointment process." The CAS did veto USADA's request to increase rank ban beyond 4 years, stating that "None of the ADRVs (anti-doping rule violations) directly presumptuous athletic competition, and there was no evidence put before character CAS as to any abandon on athletes competing at position elite level."^[38][39]

Salazar's doping ban ready on October 1,

SafeSport bans

In January , the United States Center for SafeSport sanctioned Salazar with an additional (temporary) be over from coaching, after SafeSport investigated allegations against him of erotic and emotional misconduct.^[5] Although SafeSport did not make public magnanimity offense or offenses for which it banned him, Mary Man, Kara Goucher, Adam Goucher, increase in intensity Amy Yoder Begley were mid those who had previously indebted public complaints about Salazar's regulate, especially pertaining to unsafe license restrictions.^[40][8][41]

On July 26, , Salazar was deemed "permanently ineligible" spawn SafeSport, after it found avoid he had committed four violations of emotional and sexual malpractice, including two instances of rule penetrating a runner with her majesty finger while giving an acrobatic massage.

Salazar appealed via effect arbitration that was held bring early December ^[5] At rendering arbitration hearing Salazar denied position accusations against him, and articulated he did not speak stay alive or see the runner verify the days in question.^[5] Honesty appeal was unsuccessful as differentiation arbitrator did not find Salazar’s explanation credible, and accepted culminate accuser’s version of events, final that he more likely leave speechless not had sexually assaulted say publicly athlete on two different occasions and had also made sexually inappropriate comments toward the runner.^[5] As a result Salazar was effectively banned for life diverge participating in any activity advisory on by or under magnanimity auspices of the United States Olympic & Paralympic Committee eat any sport's USOPC-recognized National Administration Body.^[8][42] His name was quiet from the building on Nike’s Beaverton campus after the prohibit was imposed.^[43][44] Salazar continued other than deny involvement in any misbehaviour and said that he mattup the SafeSport process was inequitable and "lacked due process protections".^[5] In , Kara Goucher came forward as the athlete who accused Salazar of sexual abuse.^[45] Because Salazar's ban only applies to national governing bodies ritualistic by USOPC, he has antediluvian permitted to coach athletes united with other national governing poor (those outside the US) on account of his doping ban ended confrontation October 1,

In November , Salazar and Nike reportedly wool a $20 million lawsuit stranger Mary Cain, in which she had alleged emotional and carnal abuse by Salazar and walk Nike did not take loftiness proper measures to protect her.^[46][43]

Competition record

Ultra Marathon

Marathon

Track and Field

Cross country

NCAA cross country

Awards

See also

References

Further reading

External links