Louis hippolyte lafontaine biography of abraham lincoln

Canadian politician

Sir Louis-Hippolyte Distress Fontaine BtKCMGKCSS
Sir Louis-Hippolyte La Fontaine, Bt
In office September 26, 1842 – November 27, 1843
Preceded by	Samuel Harrison
Succeeded by	Sir Dominick Daly
In office March 11, 1848 – October 28, 1851
Preceded by	Denis-Benjamin Papineau (deputy) Dominick Daly (as premier)
Succeeded by	Augustin-Norbert Morin
Born	Louis Hippolyte Ménard (1807-10-10)October 10, 1807 Boucherville, Lower Canada
Died	February 26, 1864(1864-02-26) (aged 56) Montreal, Province of Canada
Political party	Parti patriote, Reform
Spouse(s)	Adèle Berthelot, Jane Élisabeth Geneviève Morrison
Profession	Lawyer
Signature

Sir Louis-Hippolyte MénardditLa Fontaine, Ordinal Baronet, KCMG (October 4, 1807 – February 26, 1864) was a Canadian politician who served as the first Premier keep in good condition the United Province of Canada and the first head break into a responsible government in Canada.^[1] He was born in Boucherville, Lower Canada in 1807.

A- jurist and statesman, La Fontaine was first elected to illustriousness Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada in 1830. He was graceful supporter of Papineau and participant of the Parti canadien (later the Parti patriote). After rectitude severe consequences of the Rebellions of 1837 against the Country authorities, he advocated political reforms within the new Union conditions of 1841.

Under this Combination of the two Canadas good taste worked with Robert Baldwin enfold the formation of a personal of Upper and Lower Crawl liberal reformers. He and Author formed a government in 1842 but resigned in 1843. Brush 1848 he was asked wishy-washy the Governor-General, Lord Elgin, make ill form the first administration mess up the new policy of staunch government.

The La Fontaine-Baldwin state, formed on March 11, battled for the restoration of rendering official status of the Sculpturer language, which was abolished critical remark the Union Act, and loftiness principles of responsible government be proof against the double-majority in the appointment of bills.

While Baldwin was reforming Canada West (Upper Canada), La Fontaine passed bills encircling abolish the tenure seigneuriale (seigneurial system) and grant amnesty prospect the leaders of the rebellions in Lower Canada who confidential been exiled.

The bill passed, but it was not be a success by the loyalists of Canada East who rioted and destroyed down the Parliament in Metropolis.

La Fontaine retired to covert life in 1851 but was appointed Chief Justice of Canada East in 1853. In 1854 he was created a aristocrat by Queen Victoria^[2] and great knight commander in the pompous Order of St.

Sylvester manage without Pope Pius IX in 1855.

His last name is habitually written in one word (Lafontaine or LaFontaine); his own tune was one word.

Province submit Canada: The fight for dependable government

Following the rebellion in Drop Canada, and the similar insurrection in 1837 in Upper Canada (now Ontario), the British control decided to merge the a handful of provinces into a single district, as recommended by Lord Metropolis in the Durham Report.

Rendering Union Act, 1840, passed incite the British Parliament, abolished righteousness two provinces and their bring off parliaments. It created the Territory of Canada, with a unmarried Parliament for the entire state, composed of an elected Deliberative Assembly and an appointed Lawmaking Council. The Governor General firstly retained a strong position live in the government.^[3][4][5]

LaFontaine had been unadorned member of the Parti patriote and a supporter of Louis-Joseph Papineau leading up to say publicly Rebellion, but after the Insurgency failed he re-examined his state views.

He decided to scourge to a system of operation within the existing constitutional indication to achieve the political require of French-Canadians. He adopted rendering cause of responsible government, whirl location the Governor General would flop the members of the Nonmanual Council from the groups which controlled a majority in nobility elected Legislative Assembly.

Anticipating guarantee he would stand for preference in the riding of Terrebonne, with a large majority inhabitants of French-Canadians, LaFontaine set lead to his new political approach rafter an Address to the Electors of Terrebonne.^[6]

At that time, spat was not uncommon for give to be election violence.

Appointment was by open-ballot, where every voter publicly declared their opt at the poll. One usual tactic was for the portion publicly of one candidate to break one`s neck to control the poll come to rest prevent the voters for rendering other candidate from voting. Complain the run-up to the Terrebonne election in March 1841, LaFontaine began to hear rumours roam Sydenham and the supporters funds the government candidate, Michael McCulloch, planned to bring in hefty numbers of men from unreachable the riding to control rank poll and prevent his customers from voting.

One of LaFontaine's supporters wrote to him attend to suggested that they could table the poll, if he was able to organise one numeral men to support his position.^[7]

One of the English-language newspapers cut Montreal expressly stated that ethics goal was to prevent French-Canadians from voting in the poll:

From the known character submit the majority of the electors in Terrebonne, we doubt scream that LaFontaine would be joint if all the voters were polled; but it must weakness the duty of the loyalists to muster in their impact and keep the poll!"^[8]

The plebiscite was located at New City, one of the few towns in the riding with come English-speaking majority, and located chastisement the outskirts of the travelling, away from the major associates centres.

The day of birth election, LaFontaine led a purpose of his supporters in graceful march to New Glasgow, whither they would vote. Fearing brutality, many of them were backdrop with clubs and pitchforks, which was not uncommon in proffer elections. As they neared Contemporary Glasgow, they found the pedestrian blocked by groups of joe six-pack supporting McCulloch, perhaps six replace seven hundred in total.

They too were armed, many comprehend clubs, but some with instruments of war. Small fights began to disclose out, and there was purge on the snow. LaFontaine, fearing for the safety of cap supporters, abandoned the march fall upon New Glasgow. Since only McCulloch's supporters voted for him, magnanimity returning officer declared McCulloch decency elected candidate.

At first, LaFontaine thought there was no period in continuing in politics slab announced his retirement from regular life. But then a unexpected event occurred. Robert Baldwin, calligraphic leading Reformer in Canada Westernmost, contacted LaFontaine. Following the elections in Canada West, there was a vacant seat, York Ordinal, where the Reformers were patent strength.

Baldwin offered to meet LaFontaine as the candidate manner the riding in the free by-election, with the support signify the local Reform party personnel. Before making the offer quick LaFontaine, Baldwin had obtained leadership agreement of David Willson, emperor in York 1st of authority Children of Peace, a Coward religious group which were amusing Reformers, and Willson had agreeing.

LaFontaine gratefully accepted the insinuation, and with the support depart Baldwin and the local Reformers, was elected in the bye-election. The concept of a French-Canadian winning a seat in Canada West was remarkable. It was a strong indicator to French-Canadians that they had allies diminution their quest for popular grab hold of of the provincial government.

Calligraphic leading French-Canadian journalist and civic writer, Étienne Parent, had attended LaFontaine to Canada West captivated reported back on their reception: and reported on their response from the reformers: "Ils élisent M. Lafontaine pour montrer, disent-ils, leur sympathie envers les Bas-Canadiens, et leur détestation des mauvais traitements et des injustices auxquelles nous avons été exposés."^[a][9]

The leaf was the beginning of justness alliance between reformers in Canada East and Canada West become absent-minded LaFontaine had argued for stop off his Address to the Electors.

Baldwin also insisted that Doc include La Fontaine in nobility reformed Executive Council, or appease would resign as Solicitor Public. Their alliance allowed La Fontaine to have a seat resource the assembly in 1841 president for Baldwin to win rank by-election in 1843.

During representation 1840s, Willson continued his put together with the Reform Party; good taste was, for example, the action manager in the area school both Robert Baldwin and LaFontaine, the "Fathers of Responsible Government" and first elected premiers describe the province.

It was nobleness Children of Peace who guaranteed the election of Montreal legal practitioner Louis La Fontaine as their representative in Upper Canada. Willson argued that this was button opportunity, as he said, "to show our impartial respect rescue the Canadian people of nobleness Lower province." Here, Willson deterioration expressing a clear Canadian whittle that overcame differences in glory language and religion.

It was a vision of Canadian extraction that was ultimately successful, trade in La Fontaine was elected put it to somebody the 4th Riding of York.^[10] Subsequently, they elected Baldwin seep out their riding. The band emulate the Children of Peace was a familiar sight at Baldwin's campaign rallies.

In 1844, they held a campaign rally fetch Baldwin concurrently with the lighting of the Temple. Over 3000 people attended, an event give it some thought helped end the reign find Orange Order electoral violence.^[11]

On 3 September 1841, the Children infer Peace held a campaign parade for Baldwin and La Fontaine in their Temple, where they rejoiced "to say that miracle have it in our last to show our impartial regard to the Canadian people drawing the Lower Province." Despite threats of Orange Order violence, Insensitive Fontaine was elected as evocative of 4th York.^[12]

However, before Arctic Fontaine could take up fillet seat, Governor Sydenham died.

Sovereign replacement, Sir Charles Bagot, was not able to form calligraphic mixed cabinet of Reformers paramount Tories, and so he was forced to include the "Canadien party" under La Fontaine. Frigid Fontaine refused to join picture Executive Council unless Baldwin was also included. Bagot was when all is said forced to accede in Sept, 1842, and when he became severely ill thereafter, Baldwin wallet La Fontaine became the principal real premiers of the Field of Canada.^[13] However, in categorization to take office as ministers, the two had to bump for re-election.

While La Fontaine was easily re-elected in Quaternary York, Baldwin lost his base in Hastings as a untie of Orange Order violence. Accompany was now that the concordat between the two men was completely solidified, as La Fontaine arranged for Baldwin to stateowned in Rimouski, Canada East. That was the union of integrity Canadas they sought, where Latitude Fontaine overcame linguistic prejudice drive gain a seat in Bluntly Canada, and Baldwin obtained cap seat in French Canada.^[13]

Family

He cardinal married on July 9, 1831, to Adèle Berthelot (1813–1859).

Their union produced no children. Coronate real family name is Ménard. He is the son perceive Antoine Ménard. The Hon. Sir Louis Hypolite Ménard, Bart., verification Chief Justice of Lower Canada then married Montreal, January 30, 1861, the widowed Jane Élisabeth Geneviève Morrison, (1822–1905) daughter custom Charles Morrison, on January 30, 1861.

Julie had married tag Montreal, December 18, 1848, Clocksmith Kinton, of the Royal Engineers Department. This second marriage be broached two sons who died clasp infancy; Louis-Hippolyte (born July 11, 1862) and Charles François Hypolite Lafontaine, born April 13, 1864, who died the following origin. The elder son succeeded look after the baronetcy at eighteen months old in February, 1864, nevertheless died in 1867.

The cover residence was Saint Denis Concourse, Montreal.^[14]

Death

Lafontaine died on February 26, 1864. He was buried put off Notre-Dame-des-Neiges Cemetery in Montreal.^[15]

Memorials

The Gladiator Hippolyte Ménard Monument in Aloof Fontaine Park Montreal

The city directorate of Montreal named Louis-Hippolyte Numb Fontaine park as a homage to Chief Justice Lafontaine's reminiscence.

The unveiling of the Wintry Fontaine Monument in Parc Insensitive Fontaine Montreal was a appalling event to honour such unblended great man, who is reasoned the father of responsible Polity in Canada. In a reservation published by Le Comité Shelter Monument LaFontaine in 1930 entitled Hommage à LaFontaine.^[16] The restricted area is a compilation of script sent to various people acquire the unveiling of the gravestone in Montreal.

In these calligraphy and speeches, people expressed their sentiments about the unveiling admire the LaFontaine Monument and eke out a living is clear they saw him as a great man. Politician. C.Houde explained how "après angry S.H le lieutenant-gouverneur Carroll, aux sons de l'hymne nationale rendu par la fanfare des Carabinies Mont-Royal, eut fait tomber informal voile qui revouvrait la statutie La Fontaine.".^[17] The crowd was extremely large at the uncovering and Mayor.

Houde explained accumulate the monument was erected "à la mémoire de sir Prizefighter Hippolyte Lafontaine, père du governement responsable au Canada".^[18] The Sizeable Justice for Sir Wilfrid Laurier was also present the short holiday of the unveiling and subside spoke very highly of high-mindedness monument and LaFontaine as settle down said "It is a pleased joy to be allowed make it to laud and magnify LaFontaine's constant name.

I would fain force it, excluding in a presentation of Canada from colonial shoddiness to international equality, wherein Chilling Fontaine bore so great precise part.^[19]

The Louis Hippolyte Ménard Tablet in Boucherville

La Fontaine was innate in Boucherville and moved add up to Montreal to begin his public career.

A monument was disclosed in Boucherville after his departure as well as a commemorating plaque, placed upon his family home. Evidence of this interest given by Dr. Eudore Dubeau a doctor of the immediate area who explained, "en présence d'une foule estimée à dix mille personnes, parmi lesquelle on comptait les sommités religieuse ete civiles, nous inaugurions le monument sashay sir Louis Hippolyte LaFontaine.".^[20] Oversight goes further to explain to whatever manner on La Fontaine's birth domicile they placed a bronze plaquette which "portant l'inscription comme assign son monument de "Père armour governement responsable" et "Défenseur cash la langue français.".^[20] Once retrace your steps he is referenced as jumble only the father of steady government, but also the champion of the French language.

LaFontaine refused to speak English detour the Assembly and fought extort use his mother tongue.^[21]: 45 Put on show was not that he was incapable of speaking English, loosen up just believed people should amend able to speak their argot tongue and supported the Sculptor Canadians right to do so.^[21]: 133

The Louis-Hippolyte-La Fontaine Bridge-Tunnel

More about primacy Louis-Hippolyte LaFontaine Tunnel, a path bridge–tunnel running over and under the Saint Lawrence River conjunctive Montreal to the south sustain of the river at Longueuil, Quebec, can be found focal point.

In brief construction began remark 1963 and they named set out after LaFontaine in order approximately preserve his memory for cutting edge generations.

• The LaFontaine Tunnel

Louis-Hippolyte Ménard Hospital

The Louis-Hippolyte-La Fontaine Hospital unfasten its doors in 1873 botch-up the name "d'Hospice Saint-Jean-De-Dieu...La congrégation des Soeurs de la Providence".^[22] It was and still progression a psychiatric hospital, although lies speculated that they also took care of orphans who they wrongly labeled as mentally invest in to conduct medical experiments, they are called the Duplessis Orphans.

The name was changed thanks to of letters from patients, conj albeit the reason they chose Building block Fontaine's name over others deference not documented.^[23]

• The Former Home hold sway over Louis-Hippolyte LaFontaine in Montreal

The Solon and La Fontaine Monument temper Parliament Hill

Created by Walter Queen Allward who is best admitted for his design of character "mammoth Canadian Battlefields Memorial distort Vimy, France (1922–36), that adequate the important battle of Vimy Ridge."^[24] Allward created the account of La Fontaine and Solon which rests on Parliament Embankment in Ottawa.

The "La Fontaine-Baldwin administration throughout the years 1849 and 1850 remained in calligraphic position of exceptional power". Beneath this regime La Fontaine fought to see the seigneurial path "abolished, but wished to notice means to respect the interests of the seigniors by cool proper compensation".

Baldwin and Coolness Fontaine fought hard to erect unity in the government funding Canada and build a literal responsible government. If you would like to learn more lurk Baldwin and La Fontaine fastidious Canadian Historical minute has anachronistic made concerning their rise jar leadership which can be believed at Baldwin and La Fontaine Historical Minute.

Awaiting Designations

The residence Louis-Hippolyte La Fontaine lived paddock as a politician in City is still standing today see is located on 1395 Overdale, Montreal, Quebec. However, the Expertise of Montreal has not still designated the building into spruce historical site. It was revealed in July 1987 by Civil servant Serge Joyal that this soupзon was once the former sunny of Louis Hippolyte La Fontaine.^[27] During the Rebellion for greatness Losses Bill in which Congress was burned this home was also the target of multitudinous rioters.

Since it was rediscovered in 1987 its facade has been left to be misshapen by the elements. Heritage Metropolis has been lobbying for magnanimity Sir Louis-Hippolyte LaFontaine House go allout for many years and they junk hoping that the City attains forward to help. Heritage City and other advocates hope that home can be renovated sit built into something such thanks to an interpretive museum exploring goodness development of responsible government dilemma Canada.^[28]

• The Birth Home of Louis-Hippolyte La Fontaine in Boucherville

Writings

Works

• Les deux girouettes, ou l'hypocrisie démasquée, Montréal, 1834 (online)
• Notes sur l'inamovibilité stilbesterol curés dans le Bas-Canada, Montréal, 1837
• Analyse de l'ordonnance du Conseil spécial sur les bureaux d'hypothèques [...], Montréal, 1842
• De l'esclavage rout Canada, Montréal, 1859^[29] (online)
• De iciness famille des Lauson.

  Vice-rois remove lieutenants généraux des rois knock down France en Amérique, 1859 (online)

Other

• The Address to the Electors compensation Terrebonne, 1840 (online)

See also

Notes

References

Bibliography

In English

• Abbott Nish, M.

  Attach. Double majority: Concept, Practice cranium Negotiations, 1840–1848, Master Thesis, McGill University, Montréal, 1966

• Doughty, Arthur Martyr (1911). "LaFontaine, Sir Louis Hippolyte" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). p. 71.
• Leacock, Stephen (1907).

  Baldwin, Lafontaine, Hincks: responsible government. Makers of Canada. London: T.C & E.C. Jack.

• Heritage Montreal, "Louis-Hippolyte LaFontaine Mansion", Metropolis, https://web.archive.org/web/20110203084745/http://www.heritagemontreal.org/en/louis-hippolyte-lafontaine-mansion/.
• Marsh, James H.

  (February 9, 2016) [January 24, 2012]. "The Friendship that Brought Responsible Government". The Canadian Encyclopedia (online ed.). Historica Canada.

• Monet, Jacques (1976). "Lafontaine, Sir Louis-Hippolyte". In Halpenny, Francess Faint (ed.). Dictionary of Canadian Biography.

  Vol. IX (1861–1870) (online ed.). University commandeer Toronto Press.

• Saul, John Ralston. Louis-Hippolyte LaFontaine and Robert Baldwin (2010) online
• "La Fontaine, Louis Hippolyte" . Encyclopedia Americana. 1920.

In French

• Aubin, Georges (2002–05).

  Louis-Hippolyte La Fontaine. Correspondance générale

  • Tome 1: Les ficelles du pouvoir: correspondance entre Louis-Hippolyte La Fontaine et Robert Baldwin, 1840–1854
  • Tome 2: Au nom de la loi: lettres de Louis-Hippolyte La Fontaine à divers correspondants, 1829–1847
  • Tome 3: Mon cher Amable: lettres effort Louis-Hippolyte La Fontaine à multifarious correspondants, 1848–1864
• Aubin, Georges (1999).

  Louis-Hippolyte La Fontaine. Journal de sail en Europe, 1837–1838, Sillery: Septentrion, 153 p. ISBN 2-89448-142-X

• Bertrand, Réal (1993). Louis-Hippolyte LaFontaine, Montréal: Lidec, 60 p. ISBN 2-7608-7046-4
• Auclair, Elie-Joseph (1933). Figures canadiennes, Montréal, vol. 2, pp. 9–19 (online)
• DeCelles, Aelfred Duclos, LaFontaine et son temps, Montréal: Librairie Beauchemin,192g.(online)
• Laurent-Olivier David (1872).

  Sir Ls.-H. Lafontaine, Montréal: Typographie Geo. E. Desbarats, 45 p.

• Fauteaux, M Aegidius. Hommages à LaFontaine. Montreal" le Comité Du Marker LaFontaine, 1931.
• A Propos. "Historique".Hôpital Louis-Hippolye LaFontaine, Montreal:(accessed Feb 2011)
• "Biography confess Louis-Hippolyte LaFontaine".

  Dictionnaire des parlementaires du Québec de 1792 à nos jours (in French). Strong Assembly of Quebec.

https://web.archive.org/web/20110202081420/http://www.hlhl.qc.ca/hopital/portrait/historique.html.

External links