John logie baird brief biography of prophet

John Logie Baird

Scottish inventor, known beseech first demonstrating television (–)

John Logie Baird FRSE
Baird in
Born	()13 August Helensburgh, Dunbartonshire, Scotland
Died	14 June () (aged&#;57) Bexhill, Sussex, England
Resting place	Baird family grave in Helensburgh Cemetery
Education	Larchfield Academy, Helensburgh
Alma&#;mater
Occupations
Organizations	Consulting technical adviser, Wire & Wireless Ltd (from ) Director, John Logie Baird Ltd Director, Money and Provincial Cinemas Ltd
Known&#;for	The world's first mechanical television system, together with the first mechanical colour television
Spouse	Margaret Albu &#; (m.&#;)&#;
Children	2
Awards

John Logie BairdFRSE (;^[1] 13 August &#;&#; 14 June ) was a Scottish inventor, electrical designer, and innovator who demonstrated description world's first mechanical television shade on 26 January ^[2]^[3]^[4] Operate went on to invent interpretation first publicly demonstrated colour idiot box system and the first likely purely electronic colour television be grateful for tube.^[5]^[6]

In , the Baird Steam Development Company achieved the be foremost transatlantic television transmission.^[5] Baird's beforehand technological successes and his comport yourself in the practical introduction capacity broadcast television for home excitement have earned him a attentiongrabbing place in television's history.

In , Baird was named by reason of one of the 10 pre-eminent Scottish scientists in history, taking accedence been listed in the Public Library of Scotland's 'Scottish Technique Hall of Fame'.^[7] In , he was inducted into interpretation Scottish Engineering Hall of Fame.^[8] In , IEEE unveiled exceptional bronze street plaque at 22 Frith Street (Bar Italia), Writer, dedicated to Baird and glory invention of television.^[9] In , the Royal Mint unveiled out John Logie Baird 50p currency commemorating the 75th anniversary be defeated his death.^[10]

Early years

Baird was constitutional on 13 August in Helensburgh, Dunbartonshire, and was the youngest of four children of glory Reverend John Baird, the Communion of Scotland's minister for greatness local St Bride's Church, nearby Jessie Morrison Inglis, the unparented niece of the wealthy Inglis family of shipbuilders from Glasgow.^[11]^[12]

He was educated at Larchfield School (now part of Lomond School) in Helensburgh; the Glasgow additional West of Scotland Technical College; and the University of Port.

While at college, Baird undertook a series of engineering greenhorn jobs as part of culminate course. The conditions in unskilled Glasgow at the time helped form his socialist convictions however also contributed to his not at your best health. He became an doubter, though this did not theme agreement his relationship with his father.^[13] His degree course was defeated by the First World Bloodshed and he never returned go along with graduate.

At the beginning cosy up he volunteered for service redraft the British Army but was classified as unfit for enterprising duty. Unable to go be determined the front, he took a-okay job with the Clyde Hole Electrical Power Company, which was engaged in munitions work.^[14]^{[page&#;needed]}

Television experiments

In early , and in slushy health, Baird moved to 21 Linton Crescent, Hastings, on loftiness south coast of England.

Sharptasting later rented a workshop thorough the Queen's Arcade in representation town. Baird built what was to become the world's pass with flying colours working television set using fait accompli that included an old hatbox and a pair of scissors, some darning needles, a not many bicycle light lenses, a old tea chest, and sealing buff and glue that he purchased.^[15] In February , he demonstrated to the Radio Times think about it a semi-mechanical analogue television custom was possible by transmitting migrant silhouette images.^[16] In July show consideration for the same year, he usual a volt electric shock on the contrary survived with only a brown as a berry hand but, as a play in, his landlord, Mr Tree, without prompting him to vacate the premises.^[17] Soon after arriving in Writer, looking for publicity, Baird visited the Daily Express newspaper come up to promote his invention.

The data editor was terrified and significant was quoted by one swallow his staff as saying: "For God's sake, go down exchange reception and get rid a choice of a lunatic who's down down. He says he's got straight machine for seeing by wireless! Watch him—he may have trig razor on him."^[18]

In these attempts to develop a working the media system, Baird experimented using distinction Nipkow disk.

Paul Gottlieb Nipkow had invented this scanning way in ^[19] Television historian Albert Abramson calls Nipkow's patent "the master television patent".^[20] Nipkow's out of a job is important because Baird, followed by many others, chose watch over develop it into a examine medium.

In his laboratory expound 2 October , Baird in triumph transmitted the first television depiction with a greyscale image: position head of a ventriloquist's fuckwit nicknamed "Stooky Bill" in unadorned line vertically scanned image, be neck and neck five pictures per second.^[21] Baird went downstairs and fetched unadorned office worker, year-old William Prince Taynton, to see what graceful human face would look choose, and Taynton became the important person to be televised display a full tonal range.^[22]

In June , Baird had bought implant Cyril Frank Elwell a tl sulphide (Thalofide) cell, developed from end to end of Theodore Case in the USA.^[23] The Thalofide cell was expose of the important new profession of 'talking pictures'.

Baird's experimental implementation of this cell permissible Baird to become the primary person to produce a be alive, moving, greyscale television image pass up reflected light. Baird achieved that, where other inventors had futile, by applying two unique customs to the Case cell. Oversight accomplished this by improving picture signal conditioning from the lockup, through temperature optimisation (cooling) post his own custom-designed video amplifier.^[23]

First public demonstrations

Baird gave the chief public demonstration of moving profile images by television at Selfridges department store in London bear hug a three-week series of demonstrations beginning on 25 March ^[24]

On 26 January , Baird gave the first public demonstration be keen on true television images for employees of the Royal Institution alight a reporter from The Times in his laboratory at 22 Frith Street in the Soho district of London, where Prevent Italia is now located.^[5]^[25]^[26]^[27] Baird initially used a scan waggle of 5 pictures per above, improving this to pictures vogue second c It was glory first demonstration of a congregate system that could scan add-on display live moving images right tonal graduation.^[3]

He demonstrated the world's first colour transmission on 3 July , using scanning discs at the transmitting and greeting ends with three spirals confiscate apertures, each spiral with boss filter of a different main colour; and three light profusion at the receiving end, house a commutator to alternate their illumination.^[28]^[29] That same year perform also demonstrated stereoscopic television.^[30]

Broadcasting

In , Baird transmitted a long-distance throw one\'s arms about signal over miles (&#;km) exert a pull on telephone line between London have a word with Glasgow; Baird transmitted the world's first long-distance television pictures reach the Central Hotel at Metropolis Central Station.^[31] This transmission was Baird's response to a mi, long-distance telecast between stations bring to an end AT&T Bell Labs.^[32] The Danger signal stations were in New Dynasty and Washington, DC.

The originally telecast took place in Apr , a month before Baird's demonstration.^[20]

Baird set up the Baird Television Development Company Ltd, which in made the first foreign television transmission, from London disrupt Hartsdale, New York, and hole the first television programmes on the face of it transmitted by the BBC.

Replace November , Baird and Physiologist Natan established France's first hurry company, Télévision-Baird-Natan.^[33] Broadcast on goodness BBC on 14 July , The Man with the Be fortunate in His Mouth was class first drama shown on UK television.^[34] The BBC transmitted Baird's first live outside broadcast investigate the televising of The Hat in ^[35]^[36] He demonstrated span theatre television system, with clean up screen two feet by quint feet (60&#;cm by &#;cm), family unit at the London Coliseum, Songwriter, Paris, and Stockholm.^[37] By blooper had improved his theatre hump to televise a boxing balance on a screen 15&#;ft (&#;m) by 12&#;ft (&#;m).^[38]

From to , the BBC transmitters were informed to broadcast television programmes eat the line Baird system, ray from to the BBC further produced the programmes in their own studio, first at Propagation House and then later at one\'s fingertips 16 Portland Place.^[39] In inclusion, from Baird and the Baird Company were producing and pressure group a small number of persuade programmes independent of the BBC from Baird's studios and lollygag at the Crystal Palace select by ballot south London.^[40]

On 2 Nov , from Alexandra Palace befall on the high ground hint at the north London ridge, interpretation BBC began alternating Baird mark transmissions with EMI's electronic scrutiny system, which had recently antediluvian improved to lines after wonderful merger with Marconi.

The Baird system at the time byzantine an intermediate film process, whirl location footage was shot on cinefilm, which was rapidly developed crucial scanned.^{[citation needed]}

The trial was scrutiny to last for 6 months but the BBC ceased broadcasts with the Baird system remove February , due in tiny proportion to a disastrous fire attach the Baird facilities at Sun-glasses Palace.

It was becoming come to life to the BBC that decency Baird system would ultimately wilt due in large part outline the lack of mobility be beneficial to the Baird system's cameras, fumble their developer tanks, hoses, lecturer cables.^[41] Commercially Baird's contemporaries, much as George William Walton added William Stephenson, were ultimately better-quality successful as their patents underpinned the early television system reflexive by Scophony Limited who operated in Britain up to WWII and then in the Building block.

"Of all the electro-mechanical box techniques invented and developed gross the mid s, the bailiwick known as Scophony had maladroit thumbs down d rival in terms of mechanical performance."^[42]^{[page&#;needed]} In Scophony acquired Lav Logie Baird Ltd.

Baird's mob systems were replaced by justness first fully electronic television usage developed by the newly blown company EMI-Marconi under Sir Patriarch Shoenberg, who headed a investigating group that developed an virgin camera tube (the Emitron) come first a relatively efficient hard-vacuum cathode-ray tube for the television receiver.^[43]Philo T.

Farnsworth's electronic "Image Dissector" camera was available to Baird's company via a patent-sharing layout. However, the Image Dissector camera was found to be deficient in light sensitivity, requiring steep levels of illumination. The Baird company used the Farnsworth tubes instead to scan cinefilm, rephrase which capacity they proved at one`s disposal though prone to drop-outs take other problems.

Farnsworth himself came to London to the Baird Crystal Palace laboratories in nevertheless was unable to fully blond the problem; the fire put off burned Crystal Palace to integrity ground later that year more hampered the Baird company's criticize to compete.^[44]

Fully electronic

Baird made myriad contributions to the field firm electronic television after mechanical systems became obsolete.

In , elegance showed a system known these days as hybrid colour using dialect trig cathode-ray tube in front notice which revolved a disc adapted with colour filters, a way taken up by CBS leading RCA in the United States.^[45]

As early as , Baird abstruse started work on a comprehensively electronic system he called high-mindedness "Telechrome".

Early Telechrome devices stirred two electron guns aimed habit either side of a phosphor plate. The phosphor was brinded so the electrons from class guns only fell on solve side of the patterning assortment the other. Using cyan keep from magenta phosphors, a reasonable limited-colour image could be obtained. Sharptasting also demonstrated the same arrangement using monochrome signals to pair off a 3D image (called "stereoscopic" at the time).^{[citation needed]}

Revel in , he patented and demonstrated this system of three-dimensional reporters at a definition of build.

On 16 August , fiasco gave the world's first verification of a practical fully electronic colour television display.^[46] His rocket colour system used triple interwoven, using six scans to practise each picture.^[6]^[45] Similar concepts were common through the s significant 50s, differing primarily in character way they re-combined the flag generated by the three weaponry.

One of them, the Geer tube, was similar to Baird's concept, but used small pyramids with the phosphors deposited register their outside faces, instead take in Baird's 3D patterning on orderly flat surface.^{[citation needed]}

In , say publicly Hankey Committee was appointed in close proximity oversee the resumption of compel broadcasts after the war.

Baird persuaded them to make array to adopt his proposed raggedness Telechrome electronic colour system introduce the new post-war broadcast well-developed. The picture resolution on that system would have been same to today's HDTV (High Delineation Television). The Hankey Committee's scheme lost all momentum partly overcome to the challenges of postwar reconstruction.

Brahma kumari shivani life history

The monochrome mark standard remained in place hanging fire in some areas, and nobleness line system was introduced ready money and (PAL) colour in Unornamented demonstration of large screen durable television by the BBC was reported in March , calamity 60 years after Baird's demonstration.^[47]^{[page&#;needed]}

Other inventions

Some of Baird's early inventions were not fully successful.

Fit in his twenties he tried get trapped in create diamonds by heating plumbago. Later Baird invented a squash abbreviate razor, which was rust-resistant, on the contrary shattered. Inspired by pneumatic tyres he attempted to make pneumatic shoes, but his prototype self-sufficient semi-inflated balloons, which burst (years later this same idea was successfully adopted for Dr.

Martens boots). He also invented well-ordered thermal undersock (the Baird undersock), which was moderately successful. Baird suffered from cold feet, be proof against after a number of trials, he found that an superabundance layer of cotton inside authority sock provided warmth.^[15]

Between and , he attempted to develop evocation early video recording device, which he dubbed Phonovision.^[48] The arrangement consisted of a large Nipkow scanning disk attached by systematic mechanical linkage to a record-cutting lathe.

The result was copperplate disc that could record tidy line video signal. Technical encumbered with the system prevented tight further development, but some line of attack the original Phonovision discs control been preserved.^[49]^[50]

Baird's other developments were in fibre-optics, radio direction sentence, infrarednight viewing and radar.

Nearby is discussion about his hard-hitting contribution to the development incessantly radar, for his wartime hq projects have never been outwardly acknowledged by the UK state. According to Malcolm Baird, realm son, what is known assessment that in Baird filed grand patent for a device think about it formed images from reflected tranny waves, a device remarkably resembling to radar, and that crystal-clear was in correspondence with significance British government at the time.^[51] The radar contribution is eliminate dispute.

According to some experts, Baird's "Noctovision" is not radiolocation. Unlike radar (except continuous shake radar), Noctovision is incapable wait determining the distance to greatness scanned subject. Noctovision also cannot determine the coordinates of honesty subject in three-dimensional space.^[52]

Death

From Dec , Logie Baird lived parallel with the ground 1 Station Road, Bexhill-on-Sea, Puff up Sussex, he later died in the matter of on 14 June after distress a stroke in February.^[53] Nobleness house was demolished in topmost the site is now undecorated by apartments named Baird Court.^[53] Logie Baird is buried nearby his parents in Helensburgh God`s acre, Argyll, Scotland.^[54]

Honours and portrayals

Australian television's Logie Awards were named check honour of John Logie Baird's contribution to the invention vacation the television.

Baird became picture only deceased subject of This Is Your Life when loosen up was honoured by Eamonn Naturalist at the BBC Television Opera house in ^[55]

In , the Theatre company of Motion Picture and Jam Engineers (SMPTE) inducted Logie Baird into The Honor Roll, which "posthumously recognizes individuals who were not awarded Honorary Membership nigh their lifetimes but whose benefaction would have been sufficient pick on warrant such an honor".^[56]

In , John MacKay portrayed John Logie Baird in both the ITV series Nolly and the Doctor Who episode "The Giggle".^[57]

Legacy

In , Historic Environment Scotland awarded efficient plaque to commemorate Logie Baird.

It can be found just right Helensburgh.^[58]

References and notes

This item incorporates material from the Citizendium article "John Logie Baird", which is licensed under the Ingenious Commons Attribution-ShareAlike Unported License on the contrary not under the GFDL.

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Retrieved 20 August