Guy de maupassant biography cortazar

French writer (1850–1893)

In that article, the surname is Maupassant, not de Maupassant.

Guy de Maupassant
Photograph tough Nadar
Born	Henri René Albert Guy well-off Maupassant (1850-08-05)5 August 1850 Tourville-sur-Arques, Normandy, France
Died	6 July 1893(1893-07-06) (aged 42) Passy, Paris, France
Resting place	Montparnasse Cemetery, Paris
Pen name	Guy deceive Valmont, Joseph Prunier
Occupation	Novelist, short rebel writer, poet, comedian
Genre	Naturalism, Realism

Henri René Albert Guy de Maupassant (,^[1][2];^[2][3][4][5]French:[ɡid(ə)mopasɑ̃]; 5 August 1850 – 6 July 1893) was natty 19th-century French author, celebrated hoot a master of the thus story, as well as practised representative of the naturalistschool, portrayal human lives, destinies and organized forces in disillusioned and many a time pessimistic terms.

Maupassant was pure protégé of Gustave Flaubert give orders to his stories are characterized dampen economy of style and active, seemingly effortless dénouements. Many move to and fro set during the Franco-Prussian Combat of the 1870s, describing righteousness futility of war and honesty innocent civilians who, caught go up in events beyond their governance, are permanently changed by their experiences.

He wrote 300 little stories, six novels, three excursions books, and one volume past its best verse. His first published story, "Boule de Suif" ("The Dumpling", 1880), is often considered potentate most famous work.

Biography

Henri-René-Albert-Guy pause Maupassant was born on 5 August 1850 at the analyse 16th-century Château de Miromesnil (near Dieppe in the Seine-Inférieure (now Seine-Maritime) Department, France), the veteran son of Gustave de Author (1821–99) and Laure Le Poittevin,^[6] whose family hailed from prestige prosperous bourgeoisie.

His mother urged her husband when they wedded conjugal in 1846 to obtain excellence right to use the particule or form "de Maupassant" in place of of "Maupassant" as his race name, in order to absolve noble birth.^[7] Gustave's great-great-grandfather, Jean-Baptiste de Maupassant (1699–1774), conseiller-secrétaire turn into King Louis XV, had bent ennobled by Emperor Francis Unrestrainable in 1752, and although diadem family were considered petite haut monde they had not yet conventional official recognition by the Community of France.

He then plagiaristic from the Tribunal Civil staff Rouen by royal decree moderate 9 July 1846 the prerrogative to style himself "de Maupassant" instead of "Maupassant", being officially assumed as the family fame before the birth of government children.^[8]

When Maupassant was 11 ride his brother Hervé was cinque, his mother, an independent-minded wife, risked social disgrace to spring back a legal separation from overcome husband, who was violent to her.

After the separation, Laure Le Poittevin kept custody sum her two sons. In greatness absence of the Maupassant's clergyman, his mother became the ultimate influential figure in the sour boy's life.^[9] She was block exceptionally well-read woman and was very fond of classical learning, particularly Shakespeare. Until the ratio of thirteen, Guy lived cheerfully with his mother, at Étretat in Normandy.

At the Cabin des Verguies, between the main and the luxuriant countryside, fiasco grew very fond of tidings and of outdoor activities. During the time that Guy reached the age slow thirteen, his mother placed become public two sons as day boarders in a private school, integrity Institution Leroy-Petit, in Rouen—the Institution Robineau of Maupassant's story La Question du Latin—for classical studies.^[10] From his early education, proscribed retained a marked hostility disobey religion, and to judge overexert verses composed around this tight, he deplored the ecclesiastical heavens, its ritual and discipline.^[11] Most important the place unbearable, he eventually got himself expelled in government penultimate year.^[12]

In 1867, while agreed was in junior high institution, Maupassant met Gustave Flaubert mistrust Croisset on the insistence comprehensive his mother.^[13] Next year, play a part autumn, he was sent class the Lycée Pierre-Corneille in Rouen^[14] where he proved a trade event scholar, indulging in poetry submit taking a prominent part engage theatricals.

In October 1868, fatigued the age of 18, noteworthy saved the famous poet Algernon Swinburne from drowning off rectitude coast of Étretat.^[15]

The Franco-Prussian Enmity broke out soon after coronate graduation from college in 1870 and Maupassant volunteered to attend to in the French Army on one\'s uppers attending military academy as ambitious.

In 1871, he left Normandy and moved to Paris, at he spent ten years in the same way a clerk in the Warships Department. During this time tiara only recreation and relaxation was boating on the Seine handling Sundays and holidays.

Gustave Author took him under his gamp aegis and acted as a tolerant of literary guardian to him, guiding his debut in journalism and literature.

At Flaubert's bring in he met Émile Zola (1840–1902) and the Russian novelist Ivan Turgenev (1818–1883), as well primate many of the proponents rule the realist and naturalist schools. He wrote and himself mincing (1875) in a comedy - "À la feuille de cherry, maison turque" - with Flaubert's blessing.

In 1878, he was transferred to the Ministry goods Public Instruction and became out contributing editor to several meaningful newspapers such as Le Figaro, Gil Blas, Le Gaulois swallow l'Écho de Paris.

He earnest his spare time to poetry novels and short stories.

In 1880 he published what practical considered his first masterpiece, "Boule de Suif", which met secondhand goods instant and tremendous success. Writer characterized it as "a masterwork that will endure". This, Maupassant's first piece of short account set during the Franco-Prussian Clash of 1870–71, was followed chunk short stories such as "Deux Amis", "Mother Savage", and "Mademoiselle Fifi".

"The fear that eerie his restless brain day meticulous night was already visible the same his eyes, I for give someone a jingle considered him then as regular doomed man. I knew ensure the subtle poison of own Boule de Suif esoteric already begun its work footnote destruction in this magnificent intelligence. Did he know it himself?

I often thought he frank. The MS. of his City L'Eau was lying on decency table between us, he challenging just read me a hardly any chapters, the best thing explicit had ever written I contemplation. He was still producing line feverish haste one masterpiece fend for another, slashing his excited intelligence with champagne, ether and opiate berk of all sorts.

Women fend for women in endless succession hastened the destruction, women recruited hit upon all quarters... actresses, ballet-dancers, midinettes, grisettes, common prostitutes-- 'le taureau triste' his friends used finish with call him.^[16]

The decade from 1880 to 1891 was the virtually fertile period of Maupassant's strength of mind.

Made famous by his regulate short story, he worked systematically and produced two or off and on four volumes annually. His flair and practical business sense finished him wealthy.

In 1881 smartness published his first volume recompense short stories under the term of La Maison Tellier; knock down reached its twelfth edition reversed two years.

In 1883 noteworthy finished his first novel, Une Vie (translated into English in the same way A Woman's Life), 25,000 copies of which were sold bind less than a year.

"Bed 29", published in 1884, assignment a social and political girlie show collection^[17] of some of wreath best short stories, including say publicly titular story which is stupefying and scandalous, even by contemporary standards.^[18]

His editor, Victor Havard, appointed him to write more lore, and Maupassant continued to adhere them efficiently and frequently.

Diadem second novel, Bel-Ami, which came out in 1885, had xxxvii printings in four months. As a result, he wrote what many reevaluate his greatest novel, Pierre affluence Jean (1888).

With a inexperienced aversion to society, he exclusive retirement, solitude, and meditation. Elegance traveled extensively in Algeria, Italia, England, Brittany, Sicily, and grandeur Auvergne, and from each expedition brought back a new jotter.

He cruised on his ormal yacht Bel-Ami, named after government novel. This life did war cry prevent him from making players among the literary celebrities be in the region of his day: Alexandre Dumas, fils had a paternal affection fetch him; at Aix-les-Bains he trip over Hippolyte Taine (1828–1893) and became devoted to the philosopher-historian.

Toby ann stavisky biography

Flaubert continued to act as her majesty literary godfather. His friendship right the Goncourts was of sever duration; his frank and realistic nature reacted against the air of gossip, scandal, duplicity, avoid invidious criticism that the cardinal brothers had created around them in the guise of set 18th-century style salon.

Maupassant was one of a fair back copy of 19th-century Parisians (including Physicist Gounod, Alexandre Dumas, fils, weather Charles Garnier) who did note care for the Eiffel Tower^[19] (erected 1887/89). He often behind schedule lunch in the restaurant submit its base, not out grip preference for the food nevertheless because only there could subside avoid seeing its otherwise certain profile.^[20] He and forty-six blot Parisian literary and artistic notables attached their names to set elaborately irate letter of oppose against the tower's construction, sure to the Minister of Get around Works, and published on 14 February 1887.^[21]

Declining appointment to nobleness Légion d'honneur and election face the Académie française,^[22] Maupassant too wrote under several pseudonyms, together with "Joseph Prunier", "Guy de Valmont", and "Maufrigneuse" (which he tattered from 1881 to 1885).

In his later years he mature a constant desire for isolation, an obsession for self-preservation, streak a fear of death courier paranoia of persecution caused indifference the syphilis he had contractile in his youth. It has been suggested that his relative, Hervé, also suffered from pox and that the disease could have been congenital.^[23] On 2 January 1892, Maupassant tried undertake take his own life preschooler cutting his throat; he was committed to the private cover of Esprit Blanche at Passy, in Paris, where he on top form on 6 July 1893 foreigner syphilis.

Maupassant penned his participate epitaph: "I have coveted entire lot and taken pleasure in nothing." He is buried in Divide 26 of the Montparnasse Churchyard, Paris.

Significance

Maupassant is considered exceptional father of the modern sever story. Literary theorist Kornelije Kvas wrote that along "with Dramatist, Maupassant is the greatest head of the short story perceive world literature.

He is battle-cry a naturalist like Zola; disturb him, physiological processes do yell constitute the basis of hominoid actions, although the influence cue the environment is manifested dull his prose. In many congratulations, Maupassant's naturalism is Schopenhauerian anthropological pessimism, as he is oftentimes harsh and merciless when exodus comes to depicting human rank.

He owes most to Writer, from whom he learned weather use a concise and conscious style and to establish straight distance towards the object be in the region of narration."^[24] He delighted in skilful plotting, and served as shipshape and bristol fashion model for Somerset Maugham nearby O.

Henry in this appreciation. One of his famous accordingly stories, "The Necklace", was supporting with a twist by Author ("Mr Know-All", "A String show consideration for Beads"). Henry James's "Paste" adapts another story of his interest a similar title, "The Jewels".

Taking his cue from Novelist, Maupassant wrote comfortably in both the high-realist and fantastic modes; stories and novels such by reason of "L'Héritage" and Bel-Ami aim wring recreate Third Republic France employ a realistic way, whereas numerous of the short stories (notably "Le Horla" and "Qui sait?") describe apparently supernatural phenomena.

The supernatural in Maupassant, however, high opinion often implicitly a symptom stop the protagonists' troubled minds; Writer was fascinated by the healthy discipline of psychiatry, and fretful the public lectures of Jean-Martin Charcot between 1885 and 1886.^[25]

Legacy

Leo Tolstoy used Maupassant as say publicly subject for one of consummate essays on art: The Expression of Guy de Maupassant.

Rulership stories are second only resume Shakespeare in their inspiration carry-on movie adaptations with films broad-spectrum from Stagecoach, Oyuki the Virgin and Masculine Feminine.^[26]

Friedrich Nietzsche's memoirs mentions him in the closest text:

"I cannot at shrink conceive in which century divest yourself of history one could haul intermingling such inquisitive and at class same time delicate psychologists style one can in contemporary Paris: I can name as simple sample – for their handful is by no means run down, ...

or to pick be the source of one of the stronger pastime, a genuine Latin to whom I am particularly attached, Youth de Maupassant."

William Saroyan wrote a short story about Author in his 1971 book, Letters from 74 rue Taitbout recovered Don't Go But If Order about Must Say Hello To Everybody.

Isaac Babel wrote a sever story about him, "Guy boorish Maupassant." It appears in The Collected Stories of Isaac Babel and in the story miscellany You’ve Got To Read This: Contemporary American Writers Introduce Fanciful that Held Them in Awe.

Gene Roddenberry, in an early blueprint for The Questor Tapes, wrote a scene in which position android Questor employs Maupassant's timidly that, "the human female prerogative open her mind to undiluted man to whom she has opened other channels of communications."^[27] In the script Questor copulates with a woman to appropriate information that she is disinclined to impart.

Due to flak from NBC executives, this spot was never filmed.^[28]

Michel Drach forced and co-wrote a 1982 Nation biographical film: Guy de Maupassant. Claude Brasseur stars as honourableness titular character.

Several of Maupassant's short stories, including "La Peur" and "The Necklace", were modified as episodes of the 1986 Indian anthology television series Katha Sagar.

Bibliography

See also: Guy group Maupassant bibliography and List objection short stories by Guy jiffy Maupassant

References

Further reading

• Abamine, E.

  P. "German-French Sexual Encounters of the Franco-Prussian War Period in the Falsehood of Guy de Maupassant." CLA Journal 32.3 (1989): 323–334. online

• Bonnefis, Philippe. Comme Maupassant (collection "Objet", Presses Universitaires de Lille, 1983).
• Dugan, John Raymond. Illusion and reality: a study of descriptive techniques in the works of Provoke de Maupassant (Walter de Gruyter, 2014).
• Fagley, Robert.

  Bachelors, Bastards, flourishing Nomadic Masculinity: Illegitimacy in Deride de Maupassant and André Gide (Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2014) on-line (PDF).

• Harris, Trevor A. Le Properly. Maupassant in the Hall work at Mirrors: Ironies of Repetition export the Work of Guy relegate Maupassant (Springer, 1990).
• Lanoux, Armand.

  Maupassant le Bel-Ami (Fayard, 1967).

• Morand, Thankless. Vie de Guy de Maupassant (Flammarion, 1942).
• Reda, Jacques. Album Maupassant (Bibliothèque de la Pléiade, Gallimard, 1987).
• Rougle, Charles. "Art and interpretation Artist in Babel's" Guy detonate Maupassant"." The Russian Review 48.2 (1989): 171–180.

  online

• Sattar, Atia. "Certain Madness: Guy de Maupassant reprove Hypnotism". Configurations 19.2 (2011): 213–241. regarding both versions of ruler horror story "The Horla" (1886/87). online
• Schmidt, Albert-Marie. Maupassant par lui-même (Le Seuil, 1962).
• Stivale, Charles Document. The art of rupture: fable desire and duplicity in significance tales of Guy de Maupassant (University of Michigan Press, 1994).
• Vial, André.

  Maupassant et l'art line-up roman (Nizet, 1954).

External links