Juan antonio corretjer biography template

Puerto Rican politician ( – )

Juan Antonio Corretjer Montes
Juan Antonio Corretjer Montes, Poet and Secretary General goods the Puerto Rican Nationalist Item and founder and leader lady la Liga Socialista Puertorriqueña.
Born	()March 3, Ciales, Puerto Rico
Died	January 19, () (aged&#;76) San Juan, Puerto Rico
Nationality	Puerto Rican
Organization	Liga Socialista Puertorriqueña
Political party	Puerto Rican National Party
Movement	Puerto Rican Independence

Juan Antonio Corretjer Montes (March 3, &#; Jan 19, ) was a Puerto Rican poet, journalist and pro-independence political activist opposing United States rule in Puerto Rico.

Early years

Corretjer (birth name: Juan Antonio Corretjer Montes^{[note 1]}) was resident in Ciales, Puerto Rico, win a politically active pro-independence kinship. His parents were Diego Corretjer Hernández and María Brígida Montes González.

His father and uncles were involved in the "Ciales Uprising" of August 13, , against the United States post. As a lad, he would often accompany his father topmost uncles to political rallies. Blooper received his primary and subject education in his hometown. Unexciting , when he was exclusive 12 years old, Corretjer wrote his first poem "Canto uncut Ciales" (I sing to Ciales).

In , Corretjer published rule first booklet of poems.^[1][2]

Corretjer spliced the "Literary Society of José Gautier Benítez", which later would be renamed the "Nationalist Youth", while he was still bank elementary school. When he was in 8th grade, he reorganized a student protest against probity United States in his vicinity.

He was expelled from authority local high school for institution a strike to have out of use renamed for José de Diego.^[2] Corretjer was then sent undertake school in the town get a hold Vega Baja.^[1]

Nationalist youth

In , significant moved to San Juan ground worked as a journalist portend the newspaper "La Democracia".

Forbidden later moved to the throw out of Ponce where he publicized his first two books always poetry: "Agüeybaná" () and "Ulises" (). Throughout his life, dirt wrote for various newspapers current publications in Puerto Rico, Island and the United States.^[3]

In , Corretjer travelled to Cuba with the addition of joined an anti-Batista group whose aim was to overthrow distinction U.S.-backed Cuban dictator.

He additionally traveled to Haiti and withstand the Dominican Republic looking misunderstand international support for Puerto Rico's independence movement.^[1]

In , four Nationalists were killed by the constabulary under the command of Colonel E. Francis Riggs. The snap became known as the Río Piedras massacre. The following class in , two members hint at the Cadets of the Land, the Nationalist youth organization, Hiram Rosado and Elías Beauchamp assassinated Colonel Riggs.

They were stall and executed, without a test, at police headquarters in San Juan.

In , Corretjer reduce and became friends with magnanimity nationalist leader Pedro Albizu Campos. He was named Secretary Habitual of the Puerto Rican Patriot Party.

On April 3, , a Federal Grand Jury submitted accusations against Pedro Albizu Campos, Juan Antonio Corretjer, Luis Tyrant.

Velázquez, Clemente Soto Vélez stomach the following members of rank Cadets of the Republic: Erasmo Velázquez, Julio H. Velázquez, Rafael Ortiz Pacheco, Juan Gallardo Metropolis, and Pablo Rosado Ortiz. They were charged with sedition very last other violations of Title 18 of the United States Code.^[4] Title 18 of the Pooled States Code is the amiss and penal code of position federal government of the Banded together States.

It deals with fed crimes and criminal procedure.^[5] Sort evidence, the prosecution referred crossreference the creation, organization and depiction activities of the cadets, which the government made reference tip as the "Liberating Army carry Puerto Rico". The government prosecutors stated that the military virgule which the cadets were infinite was for the sole resolute of overthrowing the Government quite a few the U.S.^[6][7] A jury collected of seven Puerto Ricans professor five Americans ended with simple hung jury.

Judge Robert Organized. Cooper called for a virgin jury, this time composed considerate ten Americans and two Puerto Ricans, and a guilty decree was reached.^[8] Corretjer was spiral to the infamous La Princesa prison for one year implement , because he refused find time for hand over to the English authorities the Book of Book of the Nationalists Party, importation result of his political beliefs.^[9]

In a group of lawyers, inclusive of a young Gilberto Concepción move quietly Gracia, tried in vain in half a shake defend the Nationalists, but say publicly Boston Court of Appeals, which held appellate jurisdiction over accomplice matters in Puerto Rico, upheld the verdict.

Albizu Campos professor the other Nationalist leaders were sent to the Federal penal colony in Atlanta, Georgia.^[9]

Puerto Rico's Muzzle Law

On May 21, , keen bill was introduced before nobility Puerto Rican Senate which would restrain the rights of honesty independence and Nationalist movements calm the archipelago.

The Senate, dispassionate by the Partido Popular Democrático (PPD) and presided by Luis Muñoz Marín, approved the tab that day.^[10] This bill, which resembled the anti-communist Smith Influence passed in the United States in , became known gorilla the Ley de la Mordaza (Gag Law) when the U.S.-appointed governor of Puerto Rico, Jesús T.

Piñero, signed it care for law on June 10, ^[11]

Under this new law it would be a crime to capture, publish, sell, or exhibit unpolished material intended to paralyze growth destroy the insular government; keep an eye on to organize any society, set or assembly of people meet a similar destructive intent. Illustrate made it illegal to make visible a Puerto Rican flag, unbending a patriotic song, and emphatic the law that had energetic it illegal to display nobility Flag of Puerto Rico, clank anyone found guilty of breaching the law in any come into being being subject to a judgement of up to ten eld imprisonment, a fine of patch up to US$10, (equivalent to $, in ), or both.

According consent to Leopoldo Figueroa, a member fence the Puerto Rico House be expeditious for Representatives, the law was oppressive and was in violation round the First Amendment of blue blood the gentry US Constitution which guarantees Point of Speech. He pointed blockage that the law as specified was a violation of birth civil rights of the grouping of Puerto Rico.^[12]

Nationalist Party Revolts of the s

On October 30, , the Nationalists staged uprisings in the towns of Procure, Mayagüez, Naranjito, Arecibo, Utuado (Utuado Uprising), San Juan (San Juan Nationalist revolt), and Jayuya (Jayuya Uprising).

Known as the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party Revolts outandout the s, the revolts were a widespread call for autonomy by the Puerto Rican Jingo Party, against United States Create rule over Puerto Rico. Adept specifically repudiated the so-called "Free Associated State" (Estado Libre Asociado) designation of Puerto Rico - a designation widely recognized hoot a colonial farce.^[13]

The revolts bootless because of the overwhelming practicing used by the U.S.

warlike, the Puerto Rican National Hooligan, the FBI, the CIA, come to rest the Puerto Rican Insular Constabulary - all of whom were aligned against the Nationalists. That force included the machine-gunning obey Nationalists all over the sanctuary, and the aerial bombing capture the town of Jayuya. Numbers of Cadets and Nationalists, halfway them Corretjer,^[3] were arrested chunk mid-November , and the organization was never the same.^[13]

Poetry with essays

Literary style and themes

The themes and inspiration for his verse and essays were devoted pass on his defense of his wild land.^[14] Corretjer's epic poem "Alabanza en la Torre de Ciales" (Praise in the tower neat as a new pin Ciales) (), is considered sole of the representative works scrupulous the "neocriollismo" movement and has had a strong influence assault many later poets.^[2][15] In Corretjer's poetry the Taino is inept longer an idealized figure nevertheless allegory of revolutionary legacy.^[2] Mosquito the prologue of "Yerba bruja", Corretjer states it was whine his intent to "dig sever a mummy" but to declare to light "the splendor perceive the indigenous imagination that lives on in our own."^[16]

His metrics spans several decades and transcended any particular literary movement.

Say publicly Puerto Rican Athenaeum awarded him the honorary title of Puerto Rico National Poet.^[2]

Selected list oust works

Poetry

• "Agüeybaná" (),
• "Amor a Puerto Rico" () (Love of Puerto Rico),
• "Cántico de Guerra" () (Song additional War),
• "El Leñero" () (Timberman),
• "Tierra Nativa" () (Native Land),
• "Yerba Bruja" () (Bewitched Grass)^[3]

Puerto Rican musician Roy Brown Ramírez set many detailed Corretjer's poems to music, add-on "Boricua en la luna", "En la vida todo es ir" (later versioned by artists specified as Joan Manuel Serrat, Mercedes Sosa, Antonio Cabán Vale, Haciendo Punto en Otro Son, Fiel A La Vega, Lucecita Benítez and others), "Distancias", "Diana detached Guilarte" and "Oubao-Moín".^{[1][failed verification]}

Essays

• "Llorens"
• "Juicio Histórico" (Historic Trial)
• "La Revolución de Lares" (The Revolution of Lares)
• "Nuestra Bandera" (Our Flag)

Published books

• "Albizu Campos challenging the Ponce massacre" ()

This album, sometimes called a pamphlet, was written in English as take apart was intended for the U.S.

American public audience. Its aim was to raise conscience amid the American people about probity event of the Ponce Blood bath as most Americans had conditions heard of the involvement glimpse the US government and leadership US media in that butchery. The pamphlet, currently (January ) out of print, was reprinted in its entirely as Piling 19 in Francisco Hernandez Vazquez's book Latino/a Thought (pp –).

Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.

• "Imagen De Borinquen, IV Yerba Bruja", ()
• "Aguinaldo escarlata", ()
• "Aguinaldo escarlata", ()
• "Prisionero ",
• "Pausa Para El Amor", ()
• "La lucha por la independencia de Puerto Rico", ()
• "Obra Poética"
• "Paso a Venezuela", ()
• "El Cumplido", ()
• "Los dias de conta dos", ()

Published Posthumously

• "Alabanzas: Antología", ()
• "Yerba bruja", ()

Legacy

The Instituto de Cultura Puertorriqueña (The Institute of Puerto Rican Culture) published a collection of realm poems in Corretjer died be given San Juan, Puerto Rico, terminate January 19, He was interred at Antiguo Cementerio Municipal small fry Ciales, Puerto Rico.^[3] A lighten school in Ciales is person's name after Corretjer.^[17] A monument swallow Corretjer is found at Spanish: Paseo Lineal Juan Antonio Corretjer, a lookout in Ciales.^[18]

His granddaughter is Puerto Rican singer prosperous actress Millie Corretjer.

See also

Notes

References

Further reading

External links